Circular Aperture Diffraction, Angle of First Minimum

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Homework Help Overview

The discussion revolves around a problem involving diffraction through a circular aperture, specifically focusing on calculating the angle of the first minimum for a helium-neon laser with a given wavelength and aperture diameter. The context is rooted in wave optics.

Discussion Character

  • Exploratory, Assumption checking, Conceptual clarification

Approaches and Questions Raised

  • Participants discuss the application of the diffraction formula and question the discrepancy between their calculated angle and the expected answer. Some express uncertainty about potential errors in their calculations or assumptions, particularly regarding the impact of the refractive index of glass.

Discussion Status

The discussion is ongoing, with participants confirming each other's calculations while also questioning the assumptions made. There is an exploration of the effects of the refractive index on the results, indicating a productive direction in the inquiry.

Contextual Notes

Participants note the potential influence of the refractive index of the glass tube through which the laser beam emerges, suggesting that this factor may need to be considered in the calculations.

CoffeeCrow
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Homework Statement



A helium-neon laser ( ##\lambda =633nm##), is built with a glass tube of inside diameter 1.0mm. One mirror is partially transmitting to allow laser light out. From an optical perspective, the laser beam is a light wave that diffracts through a 1.0mm diameter circular opening. The angle to the first minimum, ##\theta_1## is known as the divergence angle of the laser, find this angle.

Homework Equations



$$sin(\theta)=1.22\frac {\lambda} {d}$$ Where d is the diameter of the circular opening, and ##\theta## is the angle to the first minimum.

3. The Attempt at a Solution


The light from the laser, as mentioned in the problem statement, is essentially diffracting through a circular aperture of 1.0mm diameter, thus finding ##\theta_1## should be a simple implementation of the above formula:

$$sin(\theta)=1.22 \frac {633 \times {10^{-9}}} {10^{-3}}$$
$$sin(\theta)=0.00077\ radians$$
$$sin(\theta)=0.044\ degrees$$
$$\theta=0.044\ degrees$$

Apparently though, the correct answer is ##\theta=0.029\ degrees## and I'm just not sure what I'm missing, any help would be greatly appreciated.
 
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Clear and complete post. I fully agree with your answer. So does hyperphysics' calculator (here).
If all of us are wrong, I sure would like to know why and how ! :smile:
 
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Thank you! I've spent about an hour and a half on this and I was almost completely sure the solutions were in error, so thanks for confirming that, I really appreciate your help.
 
CoffeeCrow said:
Thank you! I've spent about an hour and a half on this and I was almost completely sure the solutions were in error, so thanks for confirming that, I really appreciate your help.
Maybe you need to take into account that the beam emerges through glass. A refractive index of 1.5 happens to match the ratio between the two answers.
 

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