Classical mechanics: ball rolling in a hollow sphere

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SUMMARY

The discussion focuses on the mechanics of a uniform ball rolling inside a hollow sphere, specifically analyzing energy conservation and the period of small oscillations. Key variables include the ball's radius (a), mass (m), angle (\theta), moment of inertia (I), and gravitational acceleration (g). The derived period of small oscillation is confirmed as 2\pi(7(b-a)/5g)^(1/2). The user initially miscalculated energy equations, which was resolved through diagrammatic analysis.

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of classical mechanics principles, particularly energy conservation.
  • Familiarity with rotational dynamics, including moment of inertia calculations.
  • Knowledge of angular motion and relationships between linear and angular velocity.
  • Ability to apply trigonometric approximations for small angles in oscillatory motion.
NEXT STEPS
  • Study the derivation of energy conservation equations in rotational dynamics.
  • Learn about the dynamics of rolling motion without slipping.
  • Explore the concept of small angle approximation in oscillatory systems.
  • Investigate the effects of varying mass and radius on the period of oscillation in similar systems.
USEFUL FOR

Students and educators in physics, particularly those focusing on classical mechanics and oscillatory motion. This discussion is beneficial for anyone solving problems related to rolling objects and energy conservation in dynamic systems.

blalien
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[SOLVED] Classical mechanics: ball rolling in a hollow sphere

Homework Statement


This problem is from Gregory:

A uniform ball of radius a and centre G can roll without slipping on the inside surface of a fixed hollow sphere of (inner) radius b and centre O. The ball undergoes planar motion in a vertical plane through O. Find the energy conservation equation for the ball in terms of the variable [tex]\theta[/tex], the angle between the line OG and the downward vertical. Deduce the period of small oscillations of the ball about the equilibrium position.

So in summary, we have:
a: radius of ball
m: mass of ball
[tex]\theta[/tex]: angle of the ball's position, relative to the vertical line connecting the center and bottom of the hollow sphere
I: moment of inertia of ball
[tex]\omega[/tex]: rotational velocity of ball
T: kinetic energy of ball
V: potential energy of ball (V=0 at height [tex]\theta[/tex]=[tex]\pi[/tex]/2, the center of the sphere)
E: total energy of ball
g: acceleration due to gravity

Homework Equations


I = 2/5ma^2

The Attempt at a Solution


First of all, I'm assuming that [tex]\omega[/tex]=[tex]\theta[/tex]'. It sounds intuitive, but I could be wrong there.

I'm given, as a solution, that the period of small oscillation (that is, sin([tex]\theta[/tex])=[tex]\theta[/tex]) is 2[tex]\pi[/tex](7(b-a)/5g)^(1/2), which I'm not getting in my results. I have a very strong hunch that my mistake comes from bad energy equations. So, would you mind taking a look of these?

T = 1/2mv^2 + 1/2I[tex]\omega[/tex]^2
v = [tex]\omega[/tex]*(b-a)
So T = 1/2m([tex]\omega[/tex]*(b-a))^2 + 1/2(2/5ma^2)[tex]\omega[/tex]^2
T = m[tex]\omega[/tex]^2/10(7a^2-10ab+5b^2)
V = -(b-a)mgcos([tex]\theta[/tex])

So E = T + V = that stuff
Am I correct here?
 
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blalien said:

The Attempt at a Solution


First of all, I'm assuming that [tex]\omega[/tex]=[tex]\theta[/tex]'. It sounds intuitive, but I could be wrong there.

That is wrong. Draw a simple diagram to figure it out.
 
Hah, it's always the little mistakes in the beginning that steal away an hour of my life.

That fixed everything. Thank you so much for catching that.
 

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