Why Are RL and RC Considered Parallel in Common Emitter Amplifier AC Analysis?

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SUMMARY

In AC analysis of common emitter amplifiers, the load resistor (RL) and collector resistor (RC) are treated as parallel components when calculating the output voltage (Vo) in response to changes in collector current (IC) due to input signal (isig). This approach is valid because, during AC analysis, the coupling capacitor (Cc2) is assumed to be a short circuit, creating a low impedance path between ground and Vcc. This assumption simplifies the analysis and accurately reflects the behavior of the circuit under AC conditions.

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Can someone please explain to me with what reasoning RL and RC are taken to be in parallel when calculating Vo for any decrease/increase in IC (DC) due to isig (ac)

Thank you
 

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In AC analysis there should be a very low impedance between ground and Vcc. Likewise Cc2 is assumed to be a short, thus RL and Rc are in parallel.
 

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