Conceptual question about Newton second law

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SUMMARY

The discussion revolves around applying Newton's second law to a scenario involving a 2.08 kg box subjected to two forces, with one force (F1) quantified at 20.5 N and an acceleration of 12.1 m/s² at an angle of 25.9 degrees in the third quadrant. The participant grapples with the vector notation for the second force (F2), questioning the sign convention used in the equation F1 + F2 = ma. The confusion stems from the assumption that F2 should be negative due to its direction opposing F1, while the correct approach confirms that both forces contribute positively to the net force in the context of the equation.

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of Newton's second law (Fnet = ma)
  • Basic knowledge of vector notation and components
  • Familiarity with trigonometric functions, specifically cosine
  • Concept of force direction in different quadrants
NEXT STEPS
  • Study vector addition and subtraction in physics
  • Learn about force decomposition into components
  • Explore the implications of directionality in Newton's laws
  • Review examples of forces acting in different quadrants
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Students studying physics, particularly those focusing on mechanics, as well as educators looking for clarification on vector forces and Newton's laws.

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Homework Statement


There are two forces on the 2.08 kg box. F1 is 20.5N. acceleration is happening in the third quadrant with a magnitude of 12.1m/s^2 and with an angle of 25.9 (in the third quadrant). Find the second force in vector notation.

Homework Equations


Fnet=ma

The Attempt at a Solution


My question is this. In the picture, the acceleration is occurring at the third quadrant. So I assume that the second force will have negative x and y components, because acceleration has also negative x and y components in that quadrant. So for the x-component of the acceleration, I used F1-F2=m(-acos(25.9)) so F2=m(acos(25.9)+F1. I am assuming acceleration is negative because it is pointing down. in the solution, it tells me that I should use instead F1+F2=ma. But why is there a + sign in F2? since F2 will point in the opposite direction of F1, shouldn't there be a negative sign for F2 instead?
 

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Shouldn't the sum of Fx1 and Fx2 = m ax, for example, where F1 and F2 are vectors?
The scalar components of these vectors may have negative signs.
 

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