Coulomb Force: Is my understanding correct?

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Discussion Overview

The discussion centers on the Coulomb force within atomic nuclei, particularly regarding the electrostatic repulsion between protons. Participants explore the implications of this force in the context of nuclear stability, energy calculations, and the behavior of protons in heavier nuclei. The conversation includes technical explanations, conceptual clarifications, and challenges to the initial understanding of these concepts.

Discussion Character

  • Exploratory
  • Technical explanation
  • Conceptual clarification
  • Debate/contested
  • Homework-related

Main Points Raised

  • Some participants explain that protons in a nucleus repel each other due to the Coulomb force, which is an inverse-square force with infinite range characteristics.
  • There is a discussion about how the electrostatic energy per nucleon increases with atomic number, but the rate of increase is not constant due to the changing ratio of protons to mass number in heavier nuclei.
  • Concerns are raised about the clarity and precision of the initial claims regarding electrostatic repulsion and its quantification.
  • Some participants suggest that the relationship between electrostatic repulsion and nuclear stability is complex and not as straightforward as initially presented.
  • A participant mentions the semi-empirical mass formula as a way to calculate Coulomb energy per nucleon, indicating a more technical approach to the discussion.
  • There are requests for clarification on the assumptions and definitions used in the discussion, particularly regarding the formula for Coulomb energy.
  • Some participants express skepticism about the initial understanding of the concepts and encourage further exploration and refinement of ideas.

Areas of Agreement / Disagreement

Participants do not reach a consensus on the clarity and accuracy of the initial claims regarding the Coulomb force and its implications. There are multiple competing views on how to quantify electrostatic repulsion and its effects on nuclear stability, indicating that the discussion remains unresolved.

Contextual Notes

Some limitations in the discussion include unclear definitions of terms like "electrostatic repulsion" and the lack of a precise formula for the Coulomb force between protons in a nucleus. Additionally, the assumptions underlying the calculations and claims are not fully articulated, leading to confusion.

Who May Find This Useful

This discussion may be useful for those interested in nuclear physics, particularly students seeking to understand the role of the Coulomb force in nuclear stability and the complexities of electrostatic interactions within atomic nuclei.

  • #31
A M said:
Would you please tell me if it is necessary to mention this formula?

It depends on what you plan to say. As I said at the end of post #25, if you're going to talk about binding energy per nucleon, I think you have to talk about the semi-empirical mass formula, since that formula describes our best current theoretical understanding (incomplete as it is) of why the binding energy per nucleon curve has the shape that it has. Unless all you are going to do is show the binding energy per nucleon curve as measured experimentally and not try to explain why it has the shape it has; but that seems incomplete.
 
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  • #32
PeterDonis said:
Unless all you are going to do is show the binding energy per nucleon curve as measured experimentally and not try to explain why it has the shape it has; but that seems incomplete
What if I show the diagrams of each term and then combine them together?
E.g. for the shape of energy due to strong nuclear force I can say this force has short range characteristics and thus for lightest nuclei the energy due to the strong force grows rapidly. But this trend approaches a limit, because the strong nuclear force is short-range and can't act across longer nuclear length scales.
for larger nuclei the nucleons in the interior have more neighbors than those on the surface, so according to the fact that the larger the nuclei, the higher their ratio of interior nucleons to surface nucleons , the energy of strong force per nucleon generally grows as mass number increases. (but grows more and more slowly depending on the ratio.)

But if I wanted to describe the shape by SEMF, it wouldn't be correct for lightest nuclei; since volume term and surface term are in fact meaningless for some of those nuclei.
 
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  • #33
A M said:
What if I show the diagrams of each term and then combine them together?

Then obviously you have to talk about the formula because you need to explain where each individual diagram comes from. Personally I don't think adding that level of complication will be helpful, particularly since all the individual terms are just plausible approximations anyway. See below.

A M said:
if I wanted to describe the shape by SEMF, it wouldn't be correct for lightest nuclei; since volume term and surface term are in fact meaningless for some of those nuclei

As I said, the SEMF is an approximation for all nuclei. Our theoretical understanding of nuclear binding energy is still incomplete. So anything you say about it is going to be an approximation based on our current incomplete understanding.

A question you should be asking yourself is how the article you plan to write is going to add anything useful to what has already been written. Everything you're talking about saying in the article is something that is already said, in much the same words, in various references you've given. Why say the same things over again?
 
  • #34
PeterDonis said:
A question you should be asking yourself is how the article you plan to write is going to add anything useful to what has already been written.
Do you really mean I should write something new? I'm not a scientist...
 
  • #35
A M said:
Do you really mean I should write something new? I'm not a scientist...

Yes, I know. And that means you should think very carefully about how helpful anything you write is going to be to anyone else. That doesn't mean you should stop trying to learn or stop asking questions; it just means that, at your current state of knowledge, you might be better off thinking of what you are doing as nothing more than building up your own understanding; you might not want to focus so much on learning these things so that you can write an article about them.
 
  • #36
PeterDonis said:
you might not want to focus so much on learning these things so that you can write an article about them.
I hope you don't mind me asking, but could you be a bit more explicit?
 
  • #37
A M said:
could you be a bit more explicit?

I mean that before you even start thinking about what should be in any article you might want to write, you should first build up your own understanding. At your current level of understanding, you might not even know enough to know what ought to be in an article that would be useful to others.
 
  • #38
PeterDonis said:
that would be useful to others.
Even for beginners?
 
  • #39
A M said:
Even for beginners?

Have you taken a look at other articles written for beginners? Are they written by people who are beginners themselves?

A fairly good general rule in teaching is that the introductory, beginner classes are taught by the more experienced teachers, whose knowledge of the subject matter is more thorough. The teachers who are fairly new to the subject themselves teach more advanced students. Similar remarks apply to articles.
 
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  • #40
-Please close this thread-
 
  • #41
A M said:
-Please close this thread-

Thread closed. If you find you want to ask more questions on this topic, you can PM me and I will reopen it.
 
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