Decay length of the evanescent wave

Click For Summary
SUMMARY

The discussion focuses on calculating the critical angle and the decay length of an evanescent wave when light transitions from water to air. The critical angle is determined to be 48.75°, while the angle of incidence required for the decay length to equal the wavelength of 550 nm is found to be 49.58°. The calculations utilize the formula δ = λ / [2π √(n2 sin²θ - n'²)], where n2 is the refractive index of water (1.33) and n' is the refractive index of air (1.00). The final decay length calculation confirms the correct angle of incidence for achieving the desired decay length.

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of Snell's Law and critical angle calculations
  • Familiarity with the concept of evanescent waves
  • Proficiency in using mathematical equations involving square roots and trigonometric functions
  • Knowledge of refractive indices, specifically for water and air
NEXT STEPS
  • Study the derivation and applications of Snell's Law in optics
  • Explore the properties and applications of evanescent waves in optical systems
  • Learn about total internal reflection and its implications in fiber optics
  • Investigate advanced topics in wave optics, including interference and diffraction
USEFUL FOR

Students and professionals in physics, particularly those studying optics, as well as engineers working with optical systems and technologies involving light propagation and reflection.

says
Messages
585
Reaction score
12

Homework Statement


A beam of light of vacuum wavelength λ = 550nm passes from water (refractive index 1.33) into air (refractive index 1.00).

(a) What is the critical angle?

(b) Suppose the beam is totally internally reflected. At what angle of incidence would the decay length of the evanescent wave be equal to λ?

Homework Equations


δ = λ / [ 2*π √(n2 sin2θ - n'2) ]

where

λ = 550 nm

δ: decay length

n = 1.33

n'= 1.00

The Attempt at a Solution



a) = 48.75° - That's pretty simple to calculate the critical angle

I'm having a few issues with b) though.

δ = λ, therefore:

2*π √(n2 sin2θ - n'2) = 1

√(n2 sin2θ - n'2) = 1 / 2*π

(n2 sin2θ - n'2) = √ (1 / 2*π)

n2 sin2θ = √ (1 / 2*π) + n'2

sin2θ = [ √ (1 / 2*π) + 12 ] / 1.332

sin2θ = 0.79085

√sin2θ = √0.79085

sinθ = 0.88929747553

sin-1(0.88929747553) = 62.78°

So the angle of incidence I get equals 62.78°. When I plug this back into the original equation though I get:

(5.5*10-7) / [ 2*π √(1.332 sin2(62.78°) - 12) ] = 1.386 * 10-7m

So the decay length of 1.386 * 10-7m is not equal to the length of the evanescent wave of 5.5*10-7m.

I'm not sure where I've gone wrong here. Any help would be much appreciated.
 
Physics news on Phys.org
says said:
√(n2 sin2θ - n'2) = 1 / 2*π

(n2 sin2θ - n'2) = √ (1 / 2*π)

n2 sin2θ = √ (1 / 2*π) + n'2

sin2θ = [ √ (1 / 2*π) + 12 ] / 1.332
You might want to check these steps.
 
√(n2 sin2θ - n'2) = 1 / 2*π

(n2 sin2θ - n'2) = 1 / 4π2

(n2 sin2θ) = (1 / 4π2) + n'2

sin2θ = ( (1 / 4π2) + n'2 ) / n2

√ sin2θ = √ [ ( (1 / 4π2) + n'2 ) / n2 ]

sinθ = √ [ ( (1 / 4π2) + 1.002 ) / 1.332 ]

sinθ = 0.76134

sin-1θ = 49.58°

so...

(5.5*10-7) / [ 2*π √(1.332 sin2(49.58°) - 12) ] = 5.5*10-7m

Thanks @mfb - can't believe I didn't see that initial mistake! Must have been looking at the problem for too long.
 

Similar threads

Replies
12
Views
2K
Replies
5
Views
3K
  • · Replies 1 ·
Replies
1
Views
2K
Replies
2
Views
3K
  • · Replies 1 ·
Replies
1
Views
2K
  • · Replies 1 ·
Replies
1
Views
3K
  • · Replies 3 ·
Replies
3
Views
2K
  • · Replies 5 ·
Replies
5
Views
2K
  • · Replies 3 ·
Replies
3
Views
2K
  • · Replies 6 ·
Replies
6
Views
2K