Decreasing the mass of a particle going through a Velocity Selector

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SUMMARY

The discussion centers on the mechanics of a velocity selector, specifically addressing the relationship between mass, force, and exit speed of a charged particle. The key equations involved are the magnetic force (Fb = qvB) and electric force (Fe = qE), which dictate that for a particle to travel straight, its velocity must equal the ratio of electric field to magnetic field (v = E/B). The confusion arises from the misconception that decreasing mass would increase speed due to greater acceleration; however, since the net force remains unchanged in the horizontal direction, the exit speed is unaffected by mass variations.

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of Newton's Second Law of Motion
  • Familiarity with electromagnetic forces (Fb and Fe)
  • Knowledge of velocity selectors and their operational principles
  • Basic concepts of particle dynamics in electric and magnetic fields
NEXT STEPS
  • Study the implications of Newton's Second Law in systems with zero net force
  • Explore the principles of velocity selectors in greater detail
  • Investigate the effects of varying electric and magnetic fields on particle trajectories
  • Learn about the role of mass in particle acceleration and motion
USEFUL FOR

Physics students, educators, and anyone interested in understanding the dynamics of charged particles in electromagnetic fields.

Hereformore
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Homework Statement



In a velocity selector, which of the following will lead to an increase in the exiting particle.

Homework Equations



Fb= qvB

Fe=qE

To travel straight the v = E/B

The Attempt at a Solution



I understand how varying E or B can change the velocity of the particle.

since only when Fb = Fe will the particle travel straight through, qvB=qE and so v =E/B.

But what I don't understand is why decreasing the mass wouldn't change the speed either.
Decreasing the mass would cause the particle to undergo a greater acceleration (same force, smaller mass), so the speed of the particle should be greater.

But the book I am using says it would not affect the exit speed. Trying to understand why. The forces are the same, since magnetic force and electric field force doesn't depend on mass. So the net force should be the same. If changing mass doesn't affect any of the component forces, then the net force should be the same in which case the acceleraiton should be higher with decreased mass. But apparently it doesn't change the exit speed of the particle?

Update: OH is it because there is no net acceleration in the horizontal direction, so changing the mass wouldn't change the horizontal exit speed?
 
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Hereformore said:
Update: OH is it because there is no net acceleration in the horizontal direction, so changing the mass wouldn't change the horizontal exit speed?

I think you're on to something! :smile:

What does Isaac Newton's second law of motion say about the acceleration of a particle if the net force on that particle is zero? And does that result vary with the particle's mass? :wink:
 

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