Definition of a symmetry transformations in quantum mechanics

Click For Summary

Discussion Overview

The discussion revolves around the definition of symmetry transformations in quantum mechanics, particularly focusing on the relationship between unitary operators and the invariance of the Hamiltonian. Participants explore whether the conditions for a transformation to be considered a symmetry are equivalent and what implications arise from these definitions.

Discussion Character

  • Debate/contested

Main Points Raised

  • One participant cites Wigner's theorem, stating that symmetry transformations are implemented by unitary or antiunitary operators, questioning if invariance of the Hamiltonian under these transformations is a necessary condition.
  • Another participant asserts that while Wigner's theorem establishes the general form of transformations preserving total probability, the condition for a transformation to be a symmetry of a Hamiltonian is that it must satisfy ##U^{\dagger}HU = H##.
  • A different viewpoint suggests that not every transformation described by a unitary operator qualifies as a symmetry transformation, indicating a distinction between the two concepts.
  • Another participant adds that being unitary is necessary but not sufficient for a transformation to be classified as a symmetry transformation.

Areas of Agreement / Disagreement

Participants express differing views on the relationship between unitary transformations and symmetry, indicating that multiple competing perspectives remain unresolved.

Contextual Notes

There are limitations in the discussion regarding the definitions and implications of symmetry transformations, as well as the conditions under which a transformation is considered a symmetry of the Hamiltonian.

Lebnm
Messages
29
Reaction score
1
By the Wigner theorem, symmetries transformations are implemented by operators ##\hat{U}## that are unitary or antiunitary. This is what is written in most books. But I have read somewhere that, to ##\hat{U}## represent a symmetrie, it's necessary that ##\hat{U}^{\dagger} \hat{H} \hat{U} = \hat{H}##, that is, the hamiltonian has to be invariant under the transformation. Is it true? Are these definitions equivalents?
 
Physics news on Phys.org
They are different. Wigner proved that the most general transformation that preserves the total probability has to be linear and unitary or anti-unitary. On the other hand, such ##U## is a symmetry of ##H## (i.e. of a system with Hamiltonian ##H##) if ##U^{\dagger}HU = H##.
 
  • Informative
Likes   Reactions: Lebnm
Or: not every transformation (described by U) is necessarily a symmetry transformation (described by [H,U]=0) ;)
 
  • Like
Likes   Reactions: vanhees71
Or even different: being unitary is necessary but not sufficient to be a symmetry transformation.
 
Ok, thank you!
 

Similar threads

  • · Replies 8 ·
Replies
8
Views
675
  • · Replies 3 ·
Replies
3
Views
1K
  • · Replies 6 ·
Replies
6
Views
2K
  • · Replies 16 ·
Replies
16
Views
4K
  • · Replies 13 ·
Replies
13
Views
3K
  • · Replies 14 ·
Replies
14
Views
2K
  • · Replies 5 ·
Replies
5
Views
3K
  • · Replies 2 ·
Replies
2
Views
2K
  • · Replies 4 ·
Replies
4
Views
3K
  • · Replies 15 ·
Replies
15
Views
2K