Can Degenerate States be Expressed as a Linear Combination of Orthogonal States?

Click For Summary
SUMMARY

Degenerate states in quantum mechanics, such as the states |2,0,0> and |2,1,m>, cannot be expressed as a linear combination of orthogonal states when they correspond to different angular momentum quantum numbers (l). The discussion confirms that the inner product equals δ_{n'n}δ_{l'l}δ_{m'm}, establishing that states with different l values are orthogonal. Therefore, |2,0,0> cannot be represented as a superposition of the |2,1,m> states due to their orthonormality.

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of quantum mechanics principles, particularly degenerate states.
  • Familiarity with bra-ket notation and inner product notation.
  • Knowledge of Hermitian operators and their eigenstates.
  • Basic concepts of angular momentum in quantum systems.
NEXT STEPS
  • Study the properties of Hermitian operators in quantum mechanics.
  • Learn about the implications of orthonormality in quantum state representations.
  • Explore the role of angular momentum in quantum mechanics, focusing on quantum numbers.
  • Investigate proofs of orthogonality for degenerate states in various quantum systems.
USEFUL FOR

Students and professionals in quantum mechanics, physicists studying angular momentum, and anyone interested in the mathematical foundations of quantum state orthonormality.

quantumfireball
Messages
90
Reaction score
0

Homework Statement



Are all electronis states orthonormal?
I mean the degenerate states ie [n,l,m>states corresponding to same energy
for example can one write
[2,0,0>=a[2,1,-1>+b[2,1,0>+c[2,1,+1>

Homework Equations





The Attempt at a Solution



for example can one write
[2,0,0>=a[2,1,-1>+b[2,1,0>+c[2,1,+1>?
 
Physics news on Phys.org
<n',l',m'|n,l,m>=\delta_{n'n}\delta_{l'l}\delta_{m'm}

So you cannot write |2,0,0> as a superposition of the three l=1 states.
 
borgwal said:
<n',l',m'|n,l,m>=\delta_{n'n}\delta_{l'l}\delta_{m'm}

So you cannot write |2,0,0> as a superposition of the three l=1 states.

Fine but how do you go about the proof?

forget about in the wavemechanics
just a general proof in bra-ket notation,showing that degenerate states are orthonormal.
 
They are eigenstates of hermitian operators (namely, angular momentum) with different eigenvalues.
 

Similar threads

  • · Replies 12 ·
Replies
12
Views
974
  • · Replies 2 ·
Replies
2
Views
2K
  • · Replies 9 ·
Replies
9
Views
3K
  • · Replies 21 ·
Replies
21
Views
2K
  • · Replies 12 ·
Replies
12
Views
4K
  • · Replies 8 ·
Replies
8
Views
2K
  • · Replies 6 ·
Replies
6
Views
13K
  • · Replies 2 ·
Replies
2
Views
2K
  • · Replies 1 ·
Replies
1
Views
2K
  • · Replies 2 ·
Replies
2
Views
2K