Degeneracy pressure and stellar collapse

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SUMMARY

In massive stars exceeding five solar masses, electron and neutron degeneracy pressure fails to prevent gravitational collapse, but the Pauli exclusion principle remains intact. The collapse releases sufficient energy to elevate particles to higher quantum states, facilitating the formation of black holes. There are two primary pathways for a core to surpass the critical three solar masses necessary for black hole formation: accumulating mass as an ideal gas or transitioning to a degenerate state before reaching this mass threshold. In both scenarios, the Pauli exclusion principle does not play a significant role in the collapse process.

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of electron and neutron degeneracy pressure
  • Familiarity with the Pauli exclusion principle
  • Knowledge of black hole formation and general relativity
  • Concepts of stellar evolution and mass thresholds
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  • Research the role of electron and neutron degeneracy pressure in stellar evolution
  • Study the implications of the Pauli exclusion principle in quantum mechanics
  • Explore the conditions leading to black hole formation in massive stars
  • Investigate theories of quantum gravity and their relevance to singularities
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Astronomers, astrophysicists, and students of physics interested in stellar dynamics, black hole formation, and quantum mechanics.

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I have a question.
In a massive star (more than say 5 times the mass of the sun), the electron/neutron degeneracy pressure is unable to prevent the gravitational collapse. Does this imply that the Pauli's exclusion principle breaks down and two or more electrons/neutrons collapse to the same quamtum state?
 
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It does not break down. The collapse releases more energy than necessary to put the particles into higher states. That is exactly the condition for a collapse to happen.
Once a black hole forms, we don't know what happens inside (where general relativity predicts a singularity) - that would need a theory of quantum gravity. What happens outside is well understood.
 
There are two paths by which a core might exceed the roughly 3 solar masses needed to collapse into a black hole. One is, it can amass more than 3 solar masses while it is still an ideal gas. In this case, the Pauli exclusion principle plays no role at all, the collapse will occur before it even matters that there is a Pauli exclusion principle. Or, the core can go degenerate while below 3 solar masses, and then it collapses into a black hole when the neutron star has more degenerate mass added to it and reaches 3 solar masses or so, degenerate all the while. So there really isn't a scenario like you are asking about, where it matters that there even is a PEP, and the mass is above 3 solar masses.
 

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