Deriving Σ sin n using Euler's formula

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SUMMARY

The discussion focuses on deriving the sum of the series Σ sin(n) using Euler's formula, specifically e^{ix} = cos(x) + i sin(x). The key transformation involves recognizing that the imaginary part of e^{i(n+1)/2} multiplied by sin(n/2)/sin(1/2) leads to the expression Im(e^{i(n+1)/2} * (sin(n/2)/sin(1/2))). This simplifies to (sin((n+1)/2) * sin(n/2))/sin(1/2), clarifying the role of the imaginary component in extracting the sine terms from the complex exponential.

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of Euler's formula: e^{ix} = cos(x) + i sin(x)
  • Familiarity with complex numbers and their properties
  • Knowledge of imaginary and real parts of complex expressions
  • Basic understanding of infinite series and summation notation
NEXT STEPS
  • Study the derivation of the sine function from Euler's formula in more depth
  • Explore the properties of complex numbers, focusing on their real and imaginary parts
  • Learn about the convergence of infinite series and their applications
  • Investigate other applications of Euler's formula in trigonometric identities
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Mathematics students, educators, and anyone interested in complex analysis or series summation techniques.

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Homework Statement



I was looking over my notes and there was a part that didn't make sense.

It's basically using the Euler's formula ([tex]e^{ix}=cos(x)+isin(x)[/tex]) and the fact that [tex]sin(x)=Im(e^{ix})[/tex] to find what Σ sin n sums to.

It starts out like this:

[tex]\sum^{\infty}_{n=1} sin(n) = sin(1) + ... + sin(n)<br /> <br /> = Im(e^{i(1)}+ ... +e^{i(n)})<br /> <br /> ...[/tex]

But this part isn't relevant to my question... I'll just skip over to the part that confused me:

[tex] = Im(e^{i(\frac{n+1}{2})}\frac{sin(n/2)}{sin(1/2)})<br /> <br /> = \frac{sin((n+1)/2)sin(n/2))}{sin(1/2)}[/tex]
Here, I don't understand how [tex]Im(e^{i(\frac{n+1}{2})}\frac{sin(n/2)}{sin(1/2)})[/tex]

turned into [tex]\frac{sin((n+1)/2)sin(n/2)}{sin(1/2)}[/tex]

I understand that [tex]e^{i(\frac{n+1}{2}) = cos((n+1)/2) + isin((n+1)/2)[/tex], by just applying the Euler's formula, but I still can't seem to demystify it. What does the "Im" part do?

Homework Equations


The Attempt at a Solution

 
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It gives the imaginary part. E.g, if z = x + iy, Im(z) = y and Re(z) = x.
 
Oh wow... okay. I don't know why that was so hard to figure out. Thank you!
 

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