Deriving the speed of a falling ball

In summary, the conversation discusses a scenario where a baseball is dropped from a tall building, experiencing a drag force due to air resistance. The forces acting on the ball are depicted with vectors and Newton's second law is applied to determine the general properties of the motion. It is shown that the ball reaches a terminal speed described by vt= \sqrt{\frac{mg}{D}} and an equation for the speed at any time is derived as v = \sqrt{\frac{mg}{D}}*tanh(\sqrt{\frac{mg}{D}}*t).
  • #1
burhan619
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Homework Statement


You drop a baseball from the roof of a tall building. As the ball falls, the air exerts a drag force proportional to the square of the ball's speed (f=Dv2).
  1. (a) In a diagram, show the direction of motion and indicate, with the aid of vectors, all the forces acting on the ball.
  2. (b) Apply Newton's second laws second law and infer from the resulting equation the general properties of the motion.
  3. (c) Show that the ball acquires a terminal speed that is described by vt= [itex]\sqrt{\frac{mg}{D}}[/itex]
  4. (d) Derive the equation for the speed at any time.

Homework Equations


[itex]\int[/itex]((a2-x2)-1)dx = [itex]\frac{1}{a}[/itex]arctanh([itex]\frac{x}{a}[/itex]), where tanh(x)=(ex-e-x)/(ex+e-x)= (e2x-1)/(e2x+1)

The Attempt at a Solution


In the attachment.

I'm at a block with the last step of part d. How do I isolate v from that? Any help is appreciated.
 

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  • #2
[itex]tanh^{-1}(\frac{v\sqrt{D}}{\sqrt{mg}}) = \sqrt{\frac{mg}{D}}*t[/itex]
...
Finally
[itex]v = \sqrt{\frac{mg}{D}}*tanh(\sqrt{\frac{mg}{D}}*t)[/itex]
 
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Likes hhhh
  • #3
Oh wow. That was pretty simple in retrospect... thanks.
 

What is the formula for calculating the speed of a falling ball?

The formula for calculating the speed of a falling ball is v = √(2gh) where v is the velocity, g is the acceleration due to gravity (9.8 m/s²), and h is the height from which the ball falls.

What is the difference between instantaneous speed and average speed?

Instantaneous speed is the speed of an object at a specific moment in time, whereas average speed is the total distance traveled divided by the total time taken.

How does air resistance affect the speed of a falling ball?

Air resistance, also known as drag, opposes the motion of a falling ball and reduces its speed. The greater the surface area and velocity of the ball, the more air resistance it experiences.

Can the speed of a falling ball be greater than its initial speed?

No, the speed of a falling ball can never be greater than its initial speed. As the ball falls, it gains speed due to the force of gravity, but eventually reaches its terminal velocity where the force of air resistance is equal to the force of gravity, resulting in a constant downward speed.

How does the mass of a falling ball affect its speed?

The mass of a falling ball does not affect its speed, as objects of different masses fall at the same rate due to the force of gravity being constant. However, a heavier ball will experience more air resistance, causing it to reach its terminal velocity sooner than a lighter ball.

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