Designing a Low Speed Crank Mechanism: Counterweight Calculation

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Discussion Overview

The discussion revolves around the design of a low-speed crank mechanism, specifically focusing on the calculation of counterweights necessary for balancing. Participants explore various approaches and considerations related to the mechanism's design, including material choices and the implications of inertia on performance.

Discussion Character

  • Technical explanation
  • Conceptual clarification
  • Debate/contested

Main Points Raised

  • One participant inquires about a formula for determining the necessary counterweight for a low-speed, lightweight crank mechanism made of plastic or wood.
  • Another participant suggests that while there is no specific formula, an approximation can be made by treating the masses as point masses and balancing them around the crankshaft's axis.
  • A different participant provides a straightforward formula relating crank mass and radius to counterweight mass and radius, illustrating with examples of different mass and radius combinations.
  • One participant notes that counterweights may not be necessary for very light mechanisms, as they can be designed to reduce peak bearing loads rather than achieve perfect balance.
  • The original poster clarifies that the crank is part of a mechanical calculator using a Geneva mechanism, emphasizing the need for precise movement due to the potential impact on output accuracy.
  • Concerns are raised about the inertia of the crank, which has a radius of 8 cm, and the implications of this on the design, particularly in a high torque, low-speed application.

Areas of Agreement / Disagreement

Participants express differing views on the necessity and calculation of counterweights, with some suggesting that they may not be needed for lightweight applications, while others provide specific formulas for counterweight calculations. The discussion remains unresolved regarding the best approach to counterweight design in this context.

Contextual Notes

Participants mention various assumptions regarding the mechanism's design, including the material properties and the specific application requirements, which may affect the counterweight calculations. There is also uncertainty regarding the balance between static and dynamic considerations in the design.

kevjcarvalho
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heyy...i'm designing a crank for a mechanism...and i need to counterweight it...is there any formula which tells u how much counterweight to add...its a low speed mechanism and very light...material mostly plastic or wood
 
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There is no set formula to plug numbers into that I am aware of, but you can use an approximation which is treating the masses as point masses rotating about an axis and balance them that way. Basically you want all the little CoG to balance to the CoG ove the overall crankshaft lies on the axis.

This can easily sort the crank's static balance, sorting the dynamic balance and not making the counterweights overly large will affect dynamic balance.

However it probably doesn't need a counter weights if its very light, even if it's not totally balanced. Many counterweights are actually not used to balance the crankshaft (as it could be manufactured with no counterweights and still be balanced), they are put on to reduce peak bearing loads.

I'm assuming this is probably a single/twin cylinder thing if its made of plastic? What sort of RPM are you looking at?
 
Well, the counterweight "formula" is pretty straightforward:

(crank-mass x crank-radius) = (counterweight-mass x counterweight radius)

So, if your crank masses 1kg and and is offset from the axle by 1 foot, then your counterweight should be:
1kg at 1 foot
or
2kg at .5 foot
or
4 kg at .25foot
etc.
 
The thing is i am designing a mechanical calculator...for which i am using a geneva mechanism for units to tens carry...the crank must therefore move by a precise amounts...owing to its size something like 8 cm radius it posesses a lot of inertia...even if it moves a little more the wrong number is outputted...the material is most likely deodar(wood)...it is a light weight application which is rotated by hand...so kinda high torque but low speed...thanks
 

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