Determine if angular momentum is conserved given potential energy funtions?

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Homework Help Overview

The discussion revolves around determining the conservation of angular momentum in relation to various potential energy functions in three dimensions. The potential energy functions include quadratic, inverse radial, and combinations involving the z-direction unit vector.

Discussion Character

  • Exploratory, Assumption checking, Conceptual clarification

Approaches and Questions Raised

  • Participants explore the conditions under which angular momentum is conserved, particularly focusing on the relationship between the force derived from potential energy and the position vector. There is uncertainty regarding the appropriate choice of the position vector r and its implications for the conservation laws.

Discussion Status

The discussion is ongoing, with participants questioning the assumptions about the force and its relationship to the position vector. Some guidance has been offered regarding the symmetry of the potential energy functions and their implications for angular momentum, but no consensus has been reached on the specific conditions for conservation.

Contextual Notes

Participants are navigating the complexities of different potential energy functions and their respective coordinate systems, which may affect the interpretation of angular momentum conservation. The specific case of the U = α/r function is highlighted as a point of confusion.

ENT
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Homework Statement


For each of the following potential energy functions in three dimensions, what quantities are conserved (energy, momentum, angular momentum)?

Homework Equations


U = k/2(x^2 + y^2)

U = α/r

U = β(z(hat) dotted with r)^2

U = α/r + β(z(hat) dotted with r)^2

Where z(hat) is the unit vector in the z direction.

The Attempt at a Solution



So I understand that in order for the angular momentum to be conserved the cross product of r and F, being the force obtained from the negative gradient of U, must be equal to zero. However I am not sure what to use for the position vector r.
 
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Suppose you measure moment about a point v for a force F acting at r. You know Fxr=0. What will the moment about v be?
 
We don't know that F x r = 0. We are trying to determine whether it is or not, and I am not sure what to use for r.
 
ENT said:
We don't know that F x r = 0. We are trying to determine whether it is or not, and I am not sure what to use for r.
Yes, sorry, I was thinking specifically of the U = a/r case, but forgot to say so.
As I read that question, U is specified in relation to a coordinate system where r is the position vector, and the field it defines will be symmetric about the origin. Hence Fxr will be 0.
For any other reference point v, what is the vector from v to the point r? If the force of the field at r is F(r), what will be its moment about v?
 

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