Difference between product and pullback

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Discussion Overview

The discussion revolves around the differences between the categorical product of two objects and the fiber product (pullback) of two morphisms with the same domains. It explores definitions, examples, and specific cases within category theory, particularly in the context of abelian groups.

Discussion Character

  • Exploratory
  • Technical explanation
  • Debate/contested

Main Points Raised

  • One participant questions the necessity of morphisms in the definition of products and pullbacks, seeking examples where they differ.
  • Another participant asks for clarification on the definition of the product of two morphisms.
  • A participant proposes using slice categories to analyze the relationship between products and pullbacks, noting that they yield similar diagrams but with additional morphisms that may be considered superfluous.
  • There is a discussion about the implications of morphisms in the category of abelian groups, where the nature of the morphisms (trivial vs. injective) affects the structure of the pullback.
  • One participant asserts that if morphisms are trivial, the pullback is the regular direct product of the domains, while another clarifies that the pullback can vary depending on the morphisms involved.
  • A later reply states that the pullback of two morphisms can be viewed as their product in the slice category over a common codomain.

Areas of Agreement / Disagreement

Participants express differing views on the relationship between products and pullbacks, particularly regarding the role of morphisms and the conditions under which they may be equivalent. The discussion remains unresolved with multiple competing perspectives presented.

Contextual Notes

The discussion highlights the dependence of pullbacks on the specific morphisms involved and the potential for different outcomes based on their properties. There is also an acknowledgment of the complexity introduced by slice categories.

espen180
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What exactly is the difference between the categorical product of two objects and the fiber product (pullback) of two morphisms with the same two objects as domains? However I look at it, the morphisms in the definition appear superfluous.

Can anyone display a category where products and pullbacks generally are not equal?

Thanks in advance.
 
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What is your definition of the product of two morphisms?
 
I guess a reasonable definition is to do it in a slice category.
When I work it out, I get the same diagram as with a pullback, but with two extra morphisms, but these are superfluous due to commutativity, so the pullback is the product of two objects in a slice category, or of two mophisms with a shared codomain.

From wiki:
225px-Categorical_pullback_%28expanded%29.svg.png


But it seems that this forces the domain of the pullback to be the product of X and Y with p1 and p2 beign the usual projection morphisms. Is this not the case?

Edit: I was mistaken. Of course, the pullback depends on the morphisms. For example in the category of abelian groups, if the two morphisms are trivial, the pullback is the trivial group, but if they are injective, the pullback is the regular product of the domains, correct?
 
Last edited:
espen180 said:
Edit: I was mistaken. Of course, the pullback depends on the morphisms. For example in the category of abelian groups, if the two morphisms are trivial, the pullback is the trivial group, but if they are injective, the pullback is the regular product of the domains, correct?
No. If the morphisms are trivial (i.e. send everything to the identity) then the pullback is the regular direct product of the domains. If they are injective the pullback varies, depending on what the morphisms are. For example consider the pullback along id:G->G and id:G->G. As a set, it's ##\{(g_1,g_2) \colon g_1=g_2\}##, i.e., it's the diagonal in ##G\times G##.
 
The pullback of f: X → Z and g: Y → Z is their product in the slice category of objects over Z.

The product of X and Y is the pullback of X → 1 and Y → 1, where 1 is the terminal object.
 

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