Differential equation involving falling object

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SUMMARY

The discussion focuses on solving a differential equation for a body projected vertically upward with an initial velocity \( v_0 \) in a medium with resistance \( k|v| \). The derived velocity function is \( v(t) = -\frac{mg}{k} + \left(v_0 + \frac{mg}{k}\right)e^{-\frac{kt}{m}} \). The limit as \( k \) approaches 0 was initially miscalculated as \( v(t) = v_0 \), but the correct limit, considering negligible air resistance, is \( v(t) = v_0 - gt \). The application of L'Hôpital's rule is essential for deriving this limit accurately.

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of differential equations
  • Familiarity with L'Hôpital's rule
  • Knowledge of Newton's laws of motion
  • Basic concepts of air resistance and its mathematical representation
NEXT STEPS
  • Study the application of L'Hôpital's rule in calculus
  • Explore the derivation of motion equations under variable resistance
  • Investigate the effects of air resistance on projectile motion
  • Learn about the mathematical modeling of falling objects in physics
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Students studying physics, particularly those focusing on mechanics and differential equations, as well as educators seeking to clarify concepts related to motion and resistance.

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Homework Statement



A body of mass m is projected vertically upward with an initial velocity v0 in a medium offering a resistance k|v|, where k is a constant. Assume that the gravitational attraction of the Earth is constant.
a) Find the velocity v(t) of the body at any time.
b) Using the result of part a) to calculate the limit of v(t) as k->0

Homework Equations



The Attempt at a Solution


So I managed part a) with a solution of

v(t) = -mg/k + (v0+mg/k)e-kt/m,

which after checking and re-checking, I am fairly confident in. The problem is that when I try to find the limit as k->0, all I could come up with is v(t)=v0. This is obviously wrong since the as k->0, air resistance become negligible, and the answer should be the all too familiar v(t) = v0-gt. I tried to graph the function, and I found that after picking out all the useless part, it boils down to

lim k->t m/k(1-e-kt/m) = t!

Well. It does make sense, but I could not for the life of me figure out how to derive it mathematically. I am stuck, and any help would be greatly appreciated!
 
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Good deductive work on figuring out what the limit MUST be, you meant k->0, right? Now use l'Hopital's rule. It's a limit of the form 0/0. The limit is t!
 
Last edited:
Yes! I did mean k->0. Thank you! I never would have thought of L'Hopital's rule (even though I should)
 

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