# Homework Help: Differentiation and Lebesgue integration

1. Aug 11, 2010

### AxiomOfChoice

1. The problem statement, all variables and given/known data
Suppose $g(x) = \int_0^x f(t) dt$, where $f$ is Lebesgue integrable on $\mathbb R$. Give an $\epsilon - \delta$ proof that $g'(y) = f(y)$ if $y\in (0,\infty)$ is a point of continuity of $f$.

2. Relevant equations

3. The attempt at a solution
I know I need to show that
$$f(y) = \lim_{h\to 0} \int_y^{y+h} \frac{1}{h} f(t) dt.$$
My idea was to try to do this in terms of sequences; i.e., to let $\{h_n\}$ be any sequence of real numbers such that $h_n \to 0$, and then to phrase the limit above in terms of a limit as $n\to \infty$. I had then planned to use something like the dominated convergence theorem. But I don't have any idea how to make use of the hypothesis that $f$ is continuous at $y$, so I'm not sure if this is the right approach.

2. Aug 11, 2010

### lanedance

could you look at it as follows:
$$f(y) = \lim_{h\to 0} \frac{1}{h} \int_y^{y+h} f(t) dt$$

then use the conitinuity of f to show that as h gets small
$$\int_y^{y+h} f(t) dt \approx f(t).h$$

3. Aug 15, 2010

### AxiomOfChoice

Ok. I think I know how to do this. Here is a complete solution: Let $f \in L^1(\mathbb R)$. We want to show that, given any $\epsilon > 0$, we can find a $\delta > 0$ such that
$$\left| \frac{1}{h} \int_y^{y+h} f - f(y) \right| < \epsilon$$
whenever $|h| < \delta$. Since $f$ is continuous at $y$, we know we can find a $\delta$ such that $|t - y| < \delta$ implies $|f(t) - f(y)| < \epsilon$. So, if we make $|h| < \delta$, we have
\begin{align*} \left| \frac{1}{h} \int_y^{y+h} f - f(y) \frac{1}{h} \int_y^{y+h} f \right| & \leq \frac{1}{h} \int_y^{y+h} \left| f(t) - f(y) \right| dt\\ & \leq \frac{1}{h} \int_y^{y+h} \epsilon dt = \epsilon. \end{align*}

That does it, I think.

4. Aug 15, 2010

### hunt_mat

There is a typo, you should write:
$$\left| \frac{1}{h} \int_y^{y+h} f - f(y) \right| =\Bigg|\frac{1}{h}\int_{y}^{y+h}f-f(y)\int_{y}^{y+h}\frac{1}{h}\Bigg|$$