Diffusion coefficient in diffusion equation and random walk ?

Click For Summary

Discussion Overview

The discussion revolves around the concept of the diffusion coefficient as it appears in the diffusion equation and in the context of random walks. Participants explore whether the diffusion coefficients in these two scenarios are equivalent or if they differ, and if they do differ, what the relationship between them might be.

Discussion Character

  • Technical explanation
  • Conceptual clarification
  • Debate/contested

Main Points Raised

  • Xu questions whether the diffusion coefficients (D) in the diffusion equation (J=DdT/dx) and the random walk (tao^2=6Dt) are the same or different, and if they are different, what the relationship is.
  • xxh418 asserts that the values of D are the same under specific conditions: uniform, isotropic, and constant diffusivity; no correlation between jumps; no other driving force for flux; and dilute concentrations.
  • Xu seeks clarification on the term "dilute concentrations," noting that in random walks, diffusion could occur with a single atom, while the diffusion equation involves a concentration gradient, particularly in cases like lithium diffusion in silicon nanowires where concentrations may be relatively high.
  • A later reply explains that "dilute concentrations" refers to conditions where the activity coefficient of the diffusing species is nearly independent of concentration, indicating that diffusion is driven by gradients in chemical potential rather than concentration gradients.

Areas of Agreement / Disagreement

Participants express differing views on the applicability of the concept of "dilute concentrations" and its implications for the equivalence of the diffusion coefficients in the two equations. The discussion remains unresolved regarding the specific conditions under which the coefficients can be considered the same.

Contextual Notes

Limitations include the dependence on specific assumptions about uniformity, isotropy, and the nature of the concentration gradients involved in diffusion processes.

xxh418
Messages
9
Reaction score
0
Hi all:
Now I have a question about the concept of diffusion coefficient in two cases: the diffusion equation (J=DdT/dx) and the random walk (tao^2=6Dt). My quesion is the two D in two equations are the same or different. If they are different, is there any relationship between them?

Best
Xu
 
Physics news on Phys.org
Hi xxh418:
The value of D in the two equations is the same under the restrictions used to derive the equations: uniform, isotropic, and constant diffusivity; no correlation between jumps; no other driving force for flux; and dilute concentrations.
 
Hi Maple
Thank you for your reply. What does the "dilute concentrations" mean? In random walk, there could be only one atom to diffuse in the solute. For the diffusion equation, there will be a concentration gradient. For the mass(atom) diffusion in solid crystals, for example, the Li diffusion in Si nanowire, the concentration of Li could be relative high. In this case, how we judge if it is dilute concentration?

Regards
Xu
 
xxh418 said:
What does the "dilute concentrations" mean?

This detail arises from the fact that diffusion is driven by gradients in chemical potential, not by gradients in concentration. However, the difference is negligible for dilute concentrations. Specifically, "dilute" means that the activity coefficient of the diffusing species is (nearly) independent of concentration. For more details, see, for example, Baluffi et al.'s Kinetics of Materials or any good graduate text on diffusion.
 

Similar threads

  • · Replies 6 ·
Replies
6
Views
2K
  • · Replies 1 ·
Replies
1
Views
3K
  • · Replies 8 ·
Replies
8
Views
4K
Replies
2
Views
4K
  • · Replies 41 ·
2
Replies
41
Views
10K
  • · Replies 1 ·
Replies
1
Views
1K
  • · Replies 2 ·
Replies
2
Views
3K
  • · Replies 7 ·
Replies
7
Views
4K
  • · Replies 9 ·
Replies
9
Views
2K
  • · Replies 30 ·
2
Replies
30
Views
5K