[Discrete math] Finding simple, nonisomorphic graphs with 4 nodes

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SUMMARY

The discussion focuses on identifying all nonisomorphic simple graphs with four nodes, confirming that there are exactly eleven such graphs. Participants clarify that nonisomorphic graphs are those that cannot be transformed into one another through vertex relabeling. The distinction between isomorphic graphs is emphasized, particularly in the context of a square graph with vertices and the presence of diagonals. A solution document from the University of Washington is referenced for further guidance.

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of graph theory concepts, specifically nonisomorphic graphs
  • Familiarity with vertex relabeling and bijections in graph structures
  • Basic knowledge of simple graphs and their properties
  • Ability to interpret mathematical proofs and solutions
NEXT STEPS
  • Study the properties of nonisomorphic graphs in detail
  • Learn about graph isomorphism and bijective mappings
  • Explore the concept of graph enumeration techniques
  • Review the provided solution document for deeper insights into graph construction
USEFUL FOR

This discussion is beneficial for students of discrete mathematics, particularly those studying graph theory, as well as educators and anyone interested in understanding the classification of simple graphs.

smithisize
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Homework Statement


Draw all nonisomorphic, simple graphs with four nodes. (Hint: There are eleven such graphs!)


Homework Equations



N/A

The Attempt at a Solution



Well if you can imagine a square with the nodes as the vertices and no arcs connecting them, I figure that's isomorphic because there's no way for the bijection to 'order' the mapped nodes.
The solution to the problem is here:http://www.math.washington.edu/~dumitriu/sol_hw4.pdf
But I don't understand it. Why is their second solution a solution? Because I would think that if that is a solution, certainly the same, just with a diagonal instead of a top connector, would be a solution but it's not.

Please help me understand the process I have to go through to find these graphs on my own.
Thanks

Smith
 
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smithisize said:
imagine a square with the nodes as the vertices and no arcs connecting them, I figure that's isomorphic
Nonisomorphic here simply means don't count what is really the same graph twice. A graph in isolation cannot be said to be isomorphic or not. It is isomorphic or otherwise to some other graph. E.g. the two graphs you describe - the second in the solution and one consisting of just a diagonal - are isomorphic to each other, so you don't count both. They're isomorphic because there is a way of shuffling the vertices around that turns one graph into the other.
 
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