Divergence theorem (determining the correct direction for normal vecto

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Miike012
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The problem is in the paint doc.. My question is why is the base vector aR have a negative sign attached to it?
 

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Miike012 said:
The problem is in the paint doc.. My question is why is the base vector aR have a negative sign attached to it?
In applying the divergence theorem, the normal vector is always outwardly directed from your system.