High School Do changes in speed always affect orbit size, and vice versa?

Thread starter syfry
Start date Sep 2, 2023
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Speed

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SUMMARY

This discussion centers on the relationship between speed changes and orbital size, particularly in the context of a hypothetical teleporting asteroid orbiting the sun. It concludes that altering an object's speed or position affects its orbit due to conservation of angular momentum and the principles outlined in Kepler's laws. The conversation emphasizes that teleportation does not conserve angular momentum, and any change in velocity will result in a new orbital path. The participants recommend using simulation tools like Universe Sandbox and Kerbal Space Program to explore these concepts practically.

PREREQUISITES

Understanding of Kepler's laws of planetary motion
Familiarity with conservation of angular momentum
Basic knowledge of orbital mechanics
Experience with simulation tools like Universe Sandbox or Kerbal Space Program

NEXT STEPS

Explore the Vis viva equation and its implications for orbital speed and radius
Learn about Kepler's Second Law and its application in orbital mechanics
Investigate the effects of propulsion on orbital trajectories in Kerbal Space Program
Study the mathematical relationships between orbital parameters and energy conservation

USEFUL FOR

Astronomy enthusiasts, physics students, game developers, and anyone interested in understanding orbital mechanics and simulation of celestial bodies.

Sep 5, 2023

snorkack

syfry said:

Looked up tangential and radial but had difficulty interpreting the definitions.

Does tangent mean the new orbit would (barely) touch the old orbit's boundary?

Yes.

syfry said:

And does radial mean in direction that's perpendicular to a curve? (like spokes on a wheel)

Yes.
The third direction is axial.
Note that any finite kick at right angle to the speed increases the speed, as per Pythagoras´ theorem. Leaving the speed unchanged requires a kick at obtuse angle.