Do changes in speed always affect orbit size, and vice versa?

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Discussion Overview

The discussion revolves around the relationship between changes in speed and their effects on the size of an orbit, specifically in the context of a hypothetical teleporting asteroid orbiting the sun. Participants explore theoretical scenarios involving teleportation, velocity changes, and their implications on orbital mechanics, including conservation of angular momentum and Kepler's laws.

Discussion Character

  • Exploratory
  • Technical explanation
  • Conceptual clarification
  • Debate/contested
  • Experimental/applied

Main Points Raised

  • Some participants propose that a tiny boost to an orbiting object would widen its orbit slightly, while others question the validity of using teleportation as a mechanism for exploring orbital changes.
  • One participant suggests that if an asteroid is teleported outward and then inward, its orbit would slow and speed up in a specific sequence due to gravitational effects, but this is challenged by others who emphasize the need for realistic mechanisms like rocket propulsion.
  • There is a discussion about whether teleporting to a wider orbit results in a longer orbital period due to both slower speed and longer path, with some arguing these are two perspectives on the same phenomenon.
  • Participants mention that any new force affecting the velocity vector will change the orbit, and that orbits are generally not circular, adhering to Kepler's laws.
  • Some participants reference the vis viva equation and Kepler's laws to explain the relationship between speed, distance, and orbital characteristics, while others express uncertainty about the implications of these laws in the context of teleportation.
  • Several participants recommend space simulation games like Universe Sandbox and Kerbal Space Program as tools for exploring orbital mechanics in a more intuitive manner.

Areas of Agreement / Disagreement

Participants do not reach a consensus on the use of teleportation as a valid method for exploring orbital changes, with some favoring more realistic scenarios. There are competing views on the implications of speed changes on orbit size and the interpretation of Kepler's laws, indicating that the discussion remains unresolved.

Contextual Notes

Some limitations include the dependence on hypothetical scenarios and the challenge of isolating variables in orbital mechanics. The discussion also highlights the complexity of applying theoretical concepts to practical situations without clear experimental setups.

Who May Find This Useful

This discussion may be of interest to those exploring orbital mechanics, physics enthusiasts, and individuals looking for insights into the effects of speed and distance on orbits, as well as users of space simulation games.

  • #31
syfry said:
Looked up tangential and radial but had difficulty interpreting the definitions.

Does tangent mean the new orbit would (barely) touch the old orbit's boundary?
Yes.
syfry said:
And does radial mean in direction that's perpendicular to a curve? (like spokes on a wheel)
Yes.
The third direction is axial.
Note that any finite kick at right angle to the speed increases the speed, as per Pythagoras´ theorem. Leaving the speed unchanged requires a kick at obtuse angle.
 
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