Do phosphorus allotropes produce the same liquid?

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SUMMARY

Phosphorus exists in several allotropes, including white, red, violet, and black phosphorus, each with distinct melting points. White phosphorus melts at approximately 45 °C, while red phosphorus has a melting point around 590-610 °C. The discussion centers on whether the liquid form of phosphorus obtained from melting these allotropes is identical in molecular structure. It is established that upon melting, all allotropes revert to the P4 molecular form, indicating that the resulting liquid phosphorus is the same despite the different melting points of the solid allotropes.

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of phosphorus allotropes (white, red, violet, black)
  • Knowledge of melting and boiling points in chemistry
  • Familiarity with molecular structures and formulas
  • Basic principles of phase transitions in materials
NEXT STEPS
  • Research the properties and applications of different phosphorus allotropes
  • Explore the phase diagrams of phosphorus to understand melting and boiling points
  • Investigate the molecular structure of P4 and its implications in chemistry
  • Learn about the behavior of other elements with multiple allotropes, such as oxygen
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Chemists, materials scientists, and students studying physical chemistry or materials science will benefit from this discussion, particularly those interested in the properties and behaviors of elemental allotropes.

DallMall
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Hello,

Phosphorus may be present as different allotropes like white, red, violet or black phosphorus. All of them have a more or less different melting point. For example white phosphorus has a melting point of around 45 °C (source), while a red phosphorus has a melting point of around 590 or 610 °C (source, source).

Now my question is whether the liquid phosphorus obtained after melting any of these allotropes is actually the same liquid with same arrangement of phosphorus atoms into molecules?? If that is so than how is it possible for red phosphorus to have a melting point of around 600 °C while white phosphorus has a boiling point of about 280 °C (source)? If it was the same liquid then red (and black) phosphorus should not have a liquid form at all and simply sublimate.

Yet wikipedia disagrees and I quote: ''For some elements, allotropes have different molecular formulae which can persist in different phases – for example, two allotropes of oxygen (dioxygen, O2, and ozone, O3), can both exist in the solid, liquid and gaseous states. Conversely, some elements do not maintain distinct allotropes in different phases – for example phosphorus has numerous solid allotropes, which all revert to the same P4 form when melted to the liquid state.''

What do you think?
 
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