Do temperature and gravity affect particle or nuclear decay?

In summary, the rate of decay can be affected by temperature and altitude, as they can both cause time dilation which can impact the energy distribution and speed of the decaying atom. However, these effects are negligible at reasonable temperatures and altitudes and do not significantly impact the accuracy of dating methods on Earth.
  • #1
nitsuj
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I thought of another question(s) :) does temperature affect the rate of the decay at all?
Does temperature effect the energy of the decay; in that the energy of the electron anti neutrino would be higher?
 
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  • #2
nitsuj said:
I thought of another question(s) :) does temperature affect the rate of the decay at all?
No.
nitsuj said:
Does temperature effect the energy of the decay; in that the energy of the electron anti neutrino would be higher?
If the decaying atom moves fast, the energy distribution of the decay products will look different. It is not a simple shift, it is more complicated.
 
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  • #3
mfb said:
No
Be careful with the ”at all”. Warmer atoms will decay slower due to time dilation. Of course, this effect is completely negligible at reasonable temperatures.
 
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  • #4
Orodruin said:
Be careful with the ”at all”. Warmer atoms will decay slower due to time dilation. Of course, this effect is completely negligible at reasonable temperatures.

So altitude from Earth effects the decay too; I remember once making the point regarding carbon dating that we assume the time is linear and comparable. Never thought from that perspective, the (geometric) effects on the decay for this tritium veil.
 
  • #5
nitsuj said:
So altitude from Earth effects the decay too
Be careful (my favourite words). Locally, there will be no difference whatsoever because your time-dilation will be the same as that of the experiment you are doing.
 
  • #6
Gravitational time dilation is about 10-13 per kilometer height difference. Something 10 km deep for a billion years would appear a few hours younger than expected. Needless to say that no geologic timing method is remotely close to such a sensitivity.
 
  • #7
mfb said:
Gravitational time dilation is about 10-13 per kilometer height difference. Something 10 km deep for a billion years would appear a few hours younger than expected. Needless to say that no geologic timing method is remotely close to such a sensitivity.
lol yes, that's assuming the time is linear and comparable.

not sure what a particularly made up case of a small differential and something about sensitivity has to do with it, certainly doesn't mean that the "clocks" were always synchronized.
 
  • #8
It means gravitational time dilation is completely negligible for determining the age of things on Earth. The same applies to the time dilation from motion.
 

1. Does temperature affect particle or nuclear decay?

Yes, temperature can affect the rate of particle or nuclear decay. Generally, an increase in temperature can increase the rate of decay for most particles and nuclei. This is because higher temperatures can provide more energy for particles to overcome the binding forces that hold them together.

2. How does temperature affect particle or nuclear decay?

The specific effect of temperature on particle or nuclear decay depends on the type of particle or nucleus. For example, for beta decay, an increase in temperature can increase the kinetic energy of the particles, making them more likely to escape the nucleus. For alpha decay, however, an increase in temperature can actually decrease the rate of decay because the particles become more tightly bound to the nucleus.

3. Does gravity affect particle or nuclear decay?

Gravity does not directly affect particle or nuclear decay. However, the gravitational force can indirectly impact the rate of decay by changing the conditions of the environment. For example, in a high-gravity environment, the pressure and temperature may be higher, which can affect the rate of decay.

4. How do temperature and gravity compare in their effects on particle or nuclear decay?

Temperature and gravity have different effects on particle or nuclear decay. While temperature can directly impact the rate of decay by providing energy for particles to escape the nucleus, gravity can indirectly affect the rate by changing the environmental conditions. In general, temperature has a larger and more direct impact on particle and nuclear decay compared to gravity.

5. Is there a specific temperature or gravity level that completely stops particle or nuclear decay?

No, there is no specific temperature or gravity level that can completely stop particle or nuclear decay. However, extremely low temperatures and high gravity levels can significantly slow down the rate of decay. At absolute zero temperature, the motion of particles and nuclei essentially stops, making decay nearly impossible. Similarly, in extremely high gravity environments, the pressure and temperature can become so high that particles and nuclei become tightly bound, slowing down the rate of decay.

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