Do the fundamental forces continue to break down at lower energies?

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Discussion Overview

The discussion revolves around whether the four fundamental forces—gravity, electromagnetism, the strong nuclear force, and the weak nuclear force—continue to break down into other forces at lower energies. Participants explore theoretical implications related to energy states, particularly in the context of the early universe and potential phase transitions.

Discussion Character

  • Exploratory
  • Debate/contested
  • Conceptual clarification

Main Points Raised

  • One participant questions whether the four fundamental forces can break down into other forces at lower energies, referencing the idea that they were unified at high energies in the early universe.
  • Another participant suggests that if the universe exists in a false vacuum, a decay to a lower energy vacuum could lead to changes in the existing forces or potentially the emergence of new forces.
  • A different participant expresses uncertainty about the four fundamental forces and agrees with the previous post, noting the transition from a high-energy state to a lower energy state in the context of the big bang model.
  • This participant also mentions the constant total energy of the universe and its evolving form from low entropy to high entropy, while questioning the expected changes in the four forces.
  • There is acknowledgment of the lack of consensus on the causes of the inflationary phase of the universe and the validity of various models, including cyclic models.

Areas of Agreement / Disagreement

Participants express uncertainty and differing views regarding the breakdown of the fundamental forces at lower energies. There is no consensus on whether new forces can emerge or if the existing forces will change.

Contextual Notes

Participants highlight assumptions related to vacuum states and energy transitions, as well as the need for experimental verification of models regarding the fundamental forces.

middistance91
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First off, I would like to apologize if I'm posting this in the wrong sub-forum.

Anyways, I'm sorry if this is an ignorant question, but I am curious as to whether the 4 fundamental forces (electricity and magnetism, gravitation, strong, and weak) would theoretically continue to break down into other forces at lower energies.

I ask this because I read that at very very very high energies they are all manifestations of the same force, and at the beginning of the universe it was like this. As the energy dissipated, gravitation broke off, then the strong nuclear, then electricity and magnetism and the weak nuclear.

Are these 4 the most that it can go, or, at low energies, can they also break down into seemingly unrelated forces.

Once again, I am sorry if this is a no-brainer.
 
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I am not an expert, so I might be wrong on this. But based on what I have read, if we do live in a false vacuum, and the vacuum were to decay into a lower energy vacuum then I believe that the answer would be yes. And if we didn't gain new forces I know for a fact that the values of the current forces that exist would change.

If a I wrong on this I hope that someone will correct me.

What you have asked is a very good question though.
 
Thanks for the reply. I am curious as to whether our assumptions are right?

Any other input?
 
Maybe Cosmology would have been better, but if someone feels strongly they'll move this...

I don't know for sure either about the four fundamental forces...I've never read anything specific...but I'd generally agree with the prior post.

In the big bang model, we gradually transition to the cold, empty state as matter density decreases, the universe expands and temperature drops as overall energy remains constant.
Total energy in the universe is constant, but it’s form is steadily evolving from a low entropy to a high entropy form. So I don'tknow of any expected change in the four forces.

We aren't even sure what caused the inflationary phase of the formation of the universe...the supposed phase transition from a high to a lower energy state fits but is not conclusive. A cyclic model also seems to make good sense...

Assumptions...models...are right when proven so by experimental verification...
 

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