The discussion clarifies that only one external force is necessary to deform an object, as demonstrated by the impact of space junk. The force exerted by the impacting object is denoted as F, while the reaction force is represented by the object's mass multiplied by its acceleration (ma). The rapid velocity of space junk, approximately ten times that of a high-velocity rifle bullet, leads to significant deformation due to inertia dominating the high-rate impact process. This results in localized effects, where only the material near the impact site is deformed.
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Because ##F = ma##.tomR said:
Typical space junk is moving roughly ten times the velocity of a high velocity rifle bullet. That's a high rate process. The whole impact happens so fast that only the material in the immediate vicinity of the impact is affected. Space junk impact is finished punching a hole (or crater) before the material away from the impact is affected by the impact force.Frabjous said: