Does the Speed of EM in a Medium Vary for Different Wavelengths?

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Discussion Overview

The discussion centers on whether the speed of electromagnetic (EM) waves in a medium varies for different wavelengths. Participants explore the implications of this variation, particularly in relation to visible light and its interaction with materials like water and glass.

Discussion Character

  • Exploratory
  • Technical explanation
  • Conceptual clarification
  • Debate/contested

Main Points Raised

  • Some participants assert that visible light travels at less than the speed of light in a vacuum (c) in water and question whether other wavelengths of EM also travel at the same reduced speed.
  • It is noted that the speed of light in a medium varies with the vacuum wavelength, indicating a phenomenon known as dispersion.
  • Participants explain that different wavelengths are refracted differently, which is illustrated by the behavior of a prism that splits light into various colors.
  • One participant describes a scenario where, if a violet object appears first when viewed through a prism, a red object would be seen last, emphasizing the time delay based on wavelength.
  • Another participant elaborates that the propagation velocity of EM waves is significantly influenced by both the frequency of the wave and the material it travels through, detailing the polarization of atoms in the medium as a contributing factor to the perceived slower speed.

Areas of Agreement / Disagreement

Participants generally agree that the speed of EM waves in a medium varies with wavelength, but there are multiple competing views on the implications and mechanisms behind this phenomenon. The discussion remains unresolved regarding the specifics of how these variations manifest in different materials.

Contextual Notes

Limitations include the dependence on the definitions of speed in different contexts, the specific materials discussed, and the unresolved details regarding the mathematical modeling of dispersion and polarization effects.

ImaLooser
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Visible light propagates at less than c in water.

What about other wavelengths of EM? Do they all travel at the same reduced speed? I think not, but am not sure. If they travel at different speeds then Suzanna can be seen comin' round the mountain in certain wavelengths before others.
 
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ImaLooser said:
Visible light propagates at less than c in water.

What about other wavelengths of EM? Do they all travel at the same reduced speed? I think not, but am not sure.

Not at the same reduced speed. This is how a prism splits light up. Different wavelengths are refracted differently.

If they travel at different speeds then Suzanna can be seen comin' round the mountain in certain wavelengths before others.

If the mountain is a prism, you'll see multiple Suzannas split into all the colours of the rainbow.
 
krd said:
Not at the same reduced speed. This is how a prism splits light up. Different wavelengths are refracted differently.



If the mountain is a prism, you'll see multiple Suzannas split into all the colours of the rainbow.

If the mountain is of glass and Suzanna suddenly materializes behind it, then you will see the a violet Suzanna first. If she then dematerializes, you see the red Suzanna last.
 
The propagation velocity depends on the frequency and the material very significantly. Essentially, the delay in propagation in medium is caused by this process: the EM wave perturbs the atoms, they get "polarized", which creates internal EM field that interfers with the incoming EM, and the combined EM appears to travel slower. Obviously, this process depends on the material and the incoming radiation.
 

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