Does Work Hardening Create Smaller Crystal Grains?

[Particle-Wave]

This might be more of a simple engineering question, but does work hardening (cold worked) of say a metal create smaller, more numerous crystal grains (and thus, more grain boundaries)? or does it just create dislocations in the crystal?

 

[Andy Resnick]

That's a good question. My understanding is that work hardening creates numerous dislocation lines, which over the course of treatment tangle and have the effect of increasing the strength of the material

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Work_hardening

Supposedly, vintage cymbals have a "special sound" from work hardening- caused by being struck for 30+ years.