That is actually an extremely good question jimgavagan.
There is a debate going on over whether mathematics are contrived or discovered. If mathematics is contrived, then it is entirely based off of our raw sense data or 'qualia' and have it seems to exhibit an emergent nature due only to human interaction. If mathematics is discovered, then it is somehow woven into metaphysical reality in a way that is accessible by human consciousness. The realm of abstract ideas and principles is very intriguing and depending on your perspective, these concepts could have existed before the universe or anything existed. It just all depends on if they are a priori in nature or are a sort of intellectual structure conjured up solely by human beings.