Doubt regarding a basic Python operator

[jishnu]

Hi everyone,
I am beginner in python programming. So many doubts are being generted in the learing process
Can anyone please explain me how the bitwise NOT (~) operator actually works on values. I have attached a screen short of my textbook (unofficial) with this post and I am confused how that negative sign comes after the operation. Please provide me relevant links of sites where I can learn these things more clearly.
Thanks in advance
[emoji846]

 

[Ibix]

The bitwise not operator simply flips each one in the binary representation of a number to a zero, and vice versa. You can see this in the example.

Where the negative sign comes in is related to how computers store negative numbers. Look up two's complement:
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Two's_complement
In short, a computer will generally interpret a binary number whose most significant bit is a 1 as a negative number unless it's told otherwise (edit: that may be a bit of an overstatement, but as far as I'm aware signed numbers are (almost?) always stored using two's complement). Since, in the example, a is positive its first digit is zero; flipping that makes the result a negative number.

 

[Sarah Hrmbree]

It depends a lot on what you are trying to do, what data you are working with.

for i in range(-5,6):
print(i, "->", ~i)

will show you the basic basics. Beyond that there are many tutorials about working with bit arrays, bit fields, etc in Python out there. Be specific and you can get better, more applicable answers.

 

[jishnu]

The bitwise not operator simply flips each one in the binary representation of a number to a zero, and vice versa. You can see this in the example.

Where the negative sign comes in is related to how computers store negative numbers. Look up two's complement:
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Two's_complement
In short, a computer will generally interpret a binary number whose most significant bit is a 1 as a negative number unless it's told otherwise (edit: that may be a bit of an overstatement, but as far as I'm aware signed numbers are (almost?) always stored using two's complement). Since, in the example, a is positive its first digit is zero; flipping that makes the result a negative number.

That is ohk.
But, is there some other purpose or application in taking one's complement and two's complement of any number?
And most importantly how did that 61 came in the answer after the operation!

 

[Ibix]

And most importantly how did that 61 came in the answer after the operation!

Read about two's complement!

 

[jishnu]

It depends a lot on what you are trying to do, what data you are working with.

for i in range(-5,6):
print(i, "->", ~i)

will show you the basic basics. Beyond that there are many tutorials about working with bit arrays, bit fields, etc in Python out there. Be specific and you can get better, more applicable answers.

My doubt is regarding how we actually apply that bitwise NOT operator in practice to reach the answer without using the python console for programing!

 

[Sarah Hrmbree]

My doubt is regarding how we actually apply that bitwise NOT operator in practice to reach the answer without using the python console for programing!

This might be a place for you to start:
https://stackoverflow.com/questions/2096916/real-world-use-cases-of-bitwise-operators/39845029

 

[jishnu]

Thanks allot guys!
[emoji3531]