Dust in special relativity - conservation of particle number

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Homework Help Overview

The discussion revolves around the conservation of particle number in the context of special relativity, specifically examining the conservation equation involving the four velocity of dust particles. The original poster references a textbook statement and attempts to analyze the implications of the conservation equation.

Discussion Character

  • Exploratory, Conceptual clarification, Mathematical reasoning

Approaches and Questions Raised

  • The original poster attempts to derive why a specific term in the conservation equation is zero, questioning the validity of their reasoning regarding the covariant derivative of the four velocity. Some participants suggest alternative interpretations of the derivatives involved.

Discussion Status

The discussion is ongoing, with participants exploring different aspects of the covariant derivative and its implications in both flat and curved spacetime. There is a recognition of the complexity of the topic, and participants are questioning assumptions about the behavior of Christoffel symbols.

Contextual Notes

Participants note the need for a more general form of the equations that accounts for non-zero Christoffel symbols, indicating a potential gap in the original poster's understanding of the covariant derivative in various spacetime contexts.

Pentaquark5
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Homework Statement


My textbook states:
Since the number of particles of dust is conserved we also have the conservation equation

$$\nabla_\mu (\rho u^\mu)=0$$

Where ##\rho=nm=N/(\mathrm{d}x \cdot \mathrm{d}y \cdot \mathrm{d}z) m## is the mass per infinitesimal volume and ## (u^\mu) ## is the four velocity of the dust particles.

Homework Equations



$$ \nabla_\mu A^\nu=\partial_\mu A^\nu+\Gamma^\nu_{\;\; \mu \gamma} A^\gamma $$

The Attempt at a Solution


$$\nabla_\mu (\rho u^\mu)= \underbrace{m \partial_\mu n u^\mu}_{=0} + m n \underbrace{\partial_\mu u^\mu}_{=0}+\Gamma^\mu_{\;\;\mu \gamma} mnu^\gamma$$

Where the first underbrace is zero since the divergence of the particle number is zero, and the second underbrace is zero due to the partial derivative of the velocity.

I don't understand why the last term should be zero, however?
 
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Just an ignorant guess: Isn't ## \nabla_\mu u^\mu=0## rather than ## \partial_\mu u^\mu##?
 
DrDu said:
Just an ignorant guess: Isn't ## \nabla_\mu u^\mu=0## rather than ## \partial_\mu u^\mu##?

The Christoffel symbols vanish in Minkowski space, so this would hold for flat spacetime. Unfortunately, I need the more general form where the Christoffel symbols are non-zero.
Thus, I do not believe the covariant derivative of the four velocity is generally zero, no?
 
Even in flat spacetime, you can have non-vanishing Christoffel symbols.
 
DrDu said:
Even in flat spacetime, you can have non-vanishing Christoffel symbols.
Right. My bad.

But do you see any argument as to why the identity above should be generally zero, then?
 

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