Dear lj19,
Confidence (in my humble but confident opinion) is 85%-90% the key to learning any subject. We often hinder ourselves by our self-imposed fears... our lens to reality, so to speak, fraught with bias and negativity that we unwittingly create.
There are various mental techniques one can use to relax oneself and clear these fears. Just know, for starters, that you have a fine mind and obviously a desire to learn. That is a majority of the battle right there.
Also, math is a language. Like any subject or language, mastering it is a building-block process. Don't be ashamed if you haven't mastered certain early steps. Go back to Square 1 if necessary and be certain you've learned that building block... then move forward.
Math is a joy and great fun. It is a combination of deductive and inductive reasoning. We use logic to get from point A to B; we also see answers intuitively and then strive to prove them logically. Both ways are "right."
I think of mathematical equations like a teeter totter. We're looking for balance. Solving for that particular variable is simply a matter of adding, subtracting, multiplying, dividing, or taking to a particular power BOTH SIDES to ensure the equality is maintained. The ultimate goal is to get our friend (y or some other variable) isolated... all by himself ... so that we can see what he equals. If we have something very simple, such as 3y=x, and we're looking for y, we want to have y stand alone. So we multiply both sides by 1/3, and y is "cleared" (standing alone) and our right side becomes (1/3)x.
Higher branches of mathematics...calculus, differential equations, and more... are no different. As we manipulate the symbols of our mathematical language, we also want to see the beauty and applicability of what we've uncovered.
Sometimes we even expand our language and create new languages for the beauty and reality of what we see. Math is only a language to describe our ever-expanding view of the truth of reality, but what a wonderful language it is.
Best wishes to you. :)