Electric Potential Energy Problem

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SUMMARY

The problem involves calculating the distance a charged particle travels before stopping when approaching a fixed charge. A charge of –4.00 µC is fixed, while a particle with mass 2.50 × 10–3 kg and charge –3.00 µC is fired at an initial speed of 15.0 m/s from a distance of 55.0 cm. The kinetic energy (KE) of the particle is calculated as 0.281 J, and the potential energy (PE) is derived using the equation PE = -qEd, leading to a distance of 0.38 m before the particle stops. The discussion emphasizes the importance of correctly applying the potential energy change formula, particularly noting that the electric field (E) is not constant in this scenario.

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of kinetic energy calculations (KE = 1/2 mv2)
  • Knowledge of electric potential energy concepts (PE = -qEd)
  • Familiarity with Coulomb's law (F = kQ1Q2/r2)
  • Basic principles of electric fields and their variations
NEXT STEPS
  • Study the relationship between electric potential (V) and potential energy (PE)
  • Learn about variable electric fields and their impact on potential energy calculations
  • Explore advanced applications of Coulomb's law in different configurations
  • Investigate the conservation of energy in electrostatic systems
USEFUL FOR

Students in physics, particularly those studying electromagnetism, as well as educators and anyone looking to deepen their understanding of electric potential energy and its applications in problem-solving.

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Homework Statement


A charge of –4.00 µC is fixed in place. From a horizontal distance of
55.0 cm, a particle of mass 2.50 × 10–3 kg and charge –3.00 µC is fired with an
initial speed of 15.0 m/s directly toward the fixed charge. How far does the
particle travel before it stops and begins to return back?

Homework Equations


KE = 1/2 mv^2
Pba = -W = -qEd
F = kQ1Q2/r^2

The Attempt at a Solution


1) Found the Kinetic energy of the moving particle :
KE = 1/2mv^2
= 1/2 (2.5x10^-3)(15)^2
= 0.281 J

2) Set the value I found for KE to PE and used the Potential Energy eqn:
PE = -qEd

Since E = kQ/d^2

PE = -qd(kQ/d^2)

Therefore: d = -qkQ/PE

d = 0.38 m

I'm not sure if I did that right. But the answer I came up with looks like it could work. Any help would be appreciated!
 
Physics news on Phys.org
You should not be finding \DeltaPE that way.
\DeltaPE = -qEd only if E is constant. But E is not constant here.

Write down V at the initial point and the final point.
How is PE related to V?
Then subtract the two to find \DeltaPE.

:)
 

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