Electromagnetic linear momentum for a system of two moving charges

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SUMMARY

The discussion focuses on the challenge of deriving the expression for electromagnetic (EM) momentum in a system of two moving charges. The participant attempts to relate the forces acting between the charges, represented by the Lienard-Wiechert potentials, to the time derivative of the system's total electromagnetic momentum. They conclude that electromagnetic radiation complicates the conservation of momentum, as accelerating charges lead to non-zero momentum flux at infinity, contradicting previous conservation laws outlined in Griffiths' textbook.

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of Lienard-Wiechert potentials
  • Familiarity with electromagnetic fields and their equations
  • Knowledge of momentum conservation principles in electromagnetism
  • Proficiency in calculus, particularly integration of retarded functions
NEXT STEPS
  • Study the derivation of Lienard-Wiechert potentials in detail
  • Learn about electromagnetic momentum and its conservation laws
  • Explore the implications of electromagnetic radiation on momentum conservation
  • Investigate advanced integration techniques for retarded functions in electromagnetism
USEFUL FOR

Physicists, electrical engineers, and students studying electromagnetism, particularly those interested in the dynamics of charged particle systems and the effects of radiation on momentum conservation.

angrystudent
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Homework Statement
I want to obtain the "total" EM linear momentum for a system of two moving charges
Relevant Equations
Lienard-Wiechert potentials, Lorentz force law
When you write out the equations of motion for a system of two isolated charges, you can add both of the equations and get the increase in the particles linear momentum on one side. On the other side, you get the sum of all the forces between the particles. I understand that this sum of forces could be written as the negative time derivative of the system's total electromagnetic momentum. But since the forces are quite complicated, I just can't seem to deduce the expression of this EM momentum

I guess that you could write the ##\mathbf{E}## and ##\mathbf{B}## fields due to both charges and integrate the momentum density ##\mathbf{D}\times\mathbf{B}## over all space to get the desired momentum, but I'm not too skilled with the integration of retarded functions. I have also tried to write the forces without deriving the potentials explicitly,
since
$$\mathbf{F}_{12} = -q_2\nabla_2V_{12} -q_2\partial_t(V_{12} \mathbf{v}_1/c^2) + q_2\mathbf{v}_2 \times \nabla_2 \times(V_{12} \mathbf{v}_1/c^2)$$
and
$$\mathbf{F}_{21} = -q_1\nabla_1V_{21} -q_1\partial_t(V_{21} \mathbf{v}_2/c^2) + q_1\mathbf{v}_1 \times \nabla_1\times(V_{21} \mathbf{v}_2/c^2)$$
but that doesn't seem to give an inspiring result

tl;dr I'm trying to write the sum of ##\mathbf{F}_{12}+\mathbf{F}_{21}## as a total time derivative. ##V_{12}## and ##V_{21}## refer to the Lienard-Wiechert potential
 
Last edited:
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I just realized that electromagnetic radiation contradicts my statement. As soon as the charges get accelerated, then the sum of linear momentum plus electromagnetic momentum is not conserved anymore because the momentum flux is non-zero at infinity. My initial approach doesn't make sense due to radiation phenomena This means that the Griffiths book chapter on conservation laws gets contradicted by the chapter on radiation.
 

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