Electron Drift Velocity in Semiconductors

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SUMMARY

The discussion centers on the concept of electron drift velocity in semiconductors, specifically addressing why conduction electrons travel faster in semiconductors compared to conductors due to lower electron density. The equation I = nAve illustrates the relationship between current (I), electron density (n), average drift velocity (v), and the charge on an electron (e). The key conclusion is that with fewer electrons in a semiconductor, each electron must move faster to maintain the same current, as the total charge flow per unit time remains constant.

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of semiconductor physics
  • Familiarity with the equation I = nAve
  • Basic knowledge of electric current and charge flow
  • Concept of electron density in materials
NEXT STEPS
  • Research the impact of electron mobility on semiconductor performance
  • Explore the role of electric field strength in drift velocity
  • Study the differences between conductors and semiconductors in detail
  • Learn about the effects of temperature on electron drift velocity in semiconductors
USEFUL FOR

Students studying semiconductor physics, electrical engineers, and anyone interested in the principles of electron behavior in different materials.

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Homework Statement


"The low [electron] density of a semiconductor means that the conduction electrons travel much faster than they do in conductors."

In order to fully understand this, I feel that I need to know why this occurs.

Homework Equations


I = nAve

Where:
I = current
n = electron density
v = average drift velocity
e = charge on one electron

The Attempt at a Solution


I know that, mathematically, the electrons need to travel faster in order for the current to be maintained, since current is flow of charge per unit time. I understand from the equation why this is the case, and the numbers make sense. However, I can't understand why the electrons would move faster just because there are fewer of them, and why the current doesn't just fall when a semiconductor is inserted into a circuit.
 
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Totally guessing here, but perhaps you have the same amount of EMF distributed among fewer electrons, resulting in a higher speed for each electron?
 

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