Equivalent Emf in case of polarity being changed

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SUMMARY

The discussion clarifies the calculation of equivalent electromotive force (emf) when the polarity of multiple cells is reversed in a series circuit. The formula for equivalent emf is established as Eeq = (n - 2m)E, where n represents the total number of cells and m indicates the number of cells with reversed polarity. The reasoning behind subtracting 2m is explained: each reversed cell cancels out one original cell, resulting in a total cancellation of 2m cells from the equivalent emf calculation. This understanding is crucial for accurately determining the emf in circuits with reversed polarities.

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of basic electrical concepts, including electromotive force (emf)
  • Knowledge of series circuits and how cells function within them
  • Familiarity with the principles of polarity in electrical components
  • Basic algebra for manipulating equations
NEXT STEPS
  • Study the effects of reversing polarity in series circuits with multiple cells
  • Explore the concept of equivalent emf in more complex circuit configurations
  • Learn about Kirchhoff's laws and their application in circuit analysis
  • Investigate the behavior of batteries and cells under different load conditions
USEFUL FOR

Students of electrical engineering, educators teaching circuit theory, and hobbyists working with battery-powered projects will benefit from this discussion.

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I read the following statement in a book: "if polarity of m number of cells out of total n number of cells are connected in series with external resistance R is reversed then equivalent emf of such combination of cells is given by
Eeq= (n-2m)E (where, each cell has same value of emf= E"
I don't understand why we subtract 2m... Why not just m from the total number of cell. Please explain?
 
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it is like this:

consider we have 4 cells of equal emf e. one is reversed.. as a result.. one is cancelled.. therefore equivalent emf is 2e=(4e-2e)

similarly consider n cells... m is reversed.. m cells are cancelled... equivalent emf is (n-2m)e
 
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it is because one reversed polarity actually cancels 1 cell having opposite polarity.therefore both cell, the one reversed and one original polarity gets cancelled.. which means:
if m cells are reversed, then 2m cells cancels of from the equivalent.. therefore equivalent emf becomes (n-2m)e
 
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I got it! Thanks a lot.
 

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