Explore Homogeneity of Space: Effects on Relativity Theory

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SUMMARY

The discussion centers on the assumption of spatial homogeneity in the context of relativity theory, specifically within an alternate universe scenario where space intervals may not be uniform. Participants explore the implications of observing discrepancies in the sizes of distant stars and galaxies, particularly in the northern sky compared to the southern sky. They conclude that if spatial homogeneity is violated, it could manifest through phenomena such as shifted spectral lines or varying rates of nuclear reactions. Current scientific instruments have not detected significant spatial inhomogeneity, suggesting that while uncertainty exists, the prevailing evidence supports the homogeneity assumption.

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of special relativity principles
  • Familiarity with Planck length and quantum mechanics
  • Knowledge of astrophysical measurements and stellar evolution
  • Basic concepts of gravitational waves and their properties
NEXT STEPS
  • Investigate the implications of non-linear distance formulas in cosmology
  • Study the effects of spatial inhomogeneity on spectral line analysis
  • Explore the relationship between gravitational waves and cosmic distances
  • Examine experimental methods for detecting spatial homogeneity violations
USEFUL FOR

Astrophysicists, theoretical physicists, and researchers interested in the foundations of relativity and the nature of space-time. This discussion is also beneficial for anyone exploring the implications of spatial homogeneity in cosmological models.

weezy
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This is a basic assumption that's made during the derivation of results of special theory of relativity is that space is homogeneous i.e. space intervals shouldn't be given preference based on our choice of origin. However I want to understand more about this assumption and its importance.

Let's imagine an alternate universe where people have gained access to and they travel there and initially find out all laws of physics are just the same as it was in our home universe. They go on to assume that the smallest possible unit of space is a cube of size h^3 where h is Planck length. We also assume astronomers on that universe have found a way to measure distance to stars without analysing their luminosity.

But the observers on that universe find that small stars that should be low mass and consequently low volume and are very far away appear as huge spheres in the night sky. In other words all of their observations point to the fact that the faraway stars who's properties like temperature and radiation tell us it's not big but they appear bigger than their size for some reason. Same applies for other objects too like faraway galaxies appear way bigger than the average in their neighbourhood. And to add to their mystery this only happens when they look at the north sky. The south sky shows objects that appear smaller in size than expected.

They conclude that the quanta or smallest unit of space varies in length/size compared to theirs as you move vast distances from south to north (with respect to the plane of orbit of their planet) for some unknown reason. That is you cannot have a unit of space smaller than the size of, say your planet, once you reach a certain distance x away from your current location in the northern sky where x is a big number of lightyears. If you were to travel lightyears away into the northern sky the size of your particles and your measuring devices will get bigger in proportion so that you don't notice anything out of the ordinary but you see your home planet shorter than it should be.

Now my question is that are we completely sure that space is homogeneous i.e. do we observe any properties in stars and galaxies that could tell us that there's some discrepancy in sizes our theories predict and what is observed?

What are the changes that one would need to observe to develop a theory such as relativity then? For one homogeneity of space assumption must be discarded because it doesn't work on this universe. It does matter what your origin is. Also one has to find a non linear distance formula between two points. Should they experimentally find out the geometry of the universe and necessary distance formulas relative to their choice of origin, do the nonlinear distance formulas have any other effects that aren't simply obvious? What are your thoughts?
 
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weezy said:
i.e. space intervals shouldn't be given preference based on our choice of origin.
That is not what the homogeneity assumption says. It says that the laws of physics in a local inertial frame are the same everywhere, and don't change with your choice of origin.

Violations of this homogeneity assumption could show up in many different ways: spectral lines being inexplicably shifted, nuclear reactions proceeding at different rates leading to different stellar evolution, different frequency/amplitude relationships in gravitational wave events, ...

If there is any spatial inhomogeneity in our universe, it's small enough that our best instruments are unable to detect its effects. That doesn't make it 100% certain, but I know which way I'm betting.
 
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