Feynman Diagram for phi^4 theory (path integral)

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SUMMARY

The discussion revolves around calculating the Feynman diagram for the φ4 theory using path integrals. The action provided is S=\int d^{d}x \left[ \frac{1}{2}\partial_{\mu}\phi\partial_{\nu}\phi\eta^{\mu\nu} - \frac{m^{2}}{2}\phi^{2} -\frac{\lambda}{4!}\phi^{4}\right]. The user attempts to construct the Z function and isolate the vertex but struggles with the number of vertices and the handling of six external momentum states. The advice given emphasizes the importance of understanding φ3 theory as a foundation for tackling φ4 theory.

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of path integrals in quantum field theory
  • Familiarity with Feynman rules for constructing diagrams
  • Knowledge of φ3 theory as a precursor to φ4 theory
  • Basic concepts of d-dimensional space in quantum mechanics
NEXT STEPS
  • Study the Feynman rules specific to φ4 theory
  • Review the derivation and implications of the Z function in quantum field theory
  • Learn about the role of external momentum states in Feynman diagrams
  • Explore the relationship between interaction terms and vertices in quantum field theories
USEFUL FOR

Students and researchers in theoretical physics, particularly those focusing on quantum field theory, Feynman diagrams, and the mathematical foundations of particle interactions.

Dixanadu
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Homework Statement


Hey guys!

So basically in the question I'm given the action

S=\int d^{d}x \left[ \frac{1}{2}\partial_{\mu}\phi\partial_{\nu}\phi\eta^{\mu\nu} - \frac{m^{2}}{2}\phi^{2} -\frac{\lambda}{4!}\phi^{4}\right].

I have use the feynman rules to calculate the tree level diagram with 6 external momentum states k_{1},k_{2}\dots k_{6}

Homework Equations


Not sure -- please ask if you need something as I have no idea what information is needed

The Attempt at a Solution


As far as I understand, I have to construct the Z function by isolating the vertex. Doing this, i get

Z[J]=e^{-i\frac{\lambda}{4!}\int d^{d}x\left( i\frac{\delta}{\delta J(x)} \right)^{4}}\int D\phi e^{i\int d^{d}x \left[ \frac{1}{2}\partial_{\mu}\phi\partial_{\nu}\phi\eta^{\mu\nu} - \frac{m^{2}}{2}\phi^{2} -iJ(x)\right]}.

Now you can further isolate the Z[J=\lambda=0] factor to get

<br /> Z[J]=Z[0,0]e^{-i\frac{\lambda}{4!}\int d^{d}x\left( i\frac{\delta}{\delta J(x)} \right)^{4}} e^{-(i/2)\int\int d^{d}x\, d^{d}y J(x)D(x-y)J(y)}<br />,

where

D(x-y)=\int \frac{d^{d}k}{(2\pi)^{d}}\frac{e^{ik\cdot(x-y)}}{k^{2}-m^{2}+i\epsilon}.

Now I'm stuck. I don't know how many vertices I should consider, or even what to do with the 6 momenta. I don't know why this is all d-dimensional or how to deal with it.

Help please :D thanks!
 
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You are going to have to look at the question again. Since you didn't post the question but only "as far as I understand" it's not really possible to help you very much.
 
Hi.
First of all, you probably studied φ3 theory (if not, do so by all means!), so it would be a very good idea to go back there and see how you can deduce the φ4 analog. (For example, vertices are related to the power of your functional derivative, which is related to the exponent of the interaction term –the one controlled by λ here– in the Lagrangian. In φ3 a vertex connects 3 lines...)
To construct the tree-level diagrams, use Feynman rules: you must have some kind of table or detailed prescriptions in your textbook and you must have read it if you are given such a problem. Then again, use the analogy with φ3...
 

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