How does a light wave change when travelling from water to air?

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SUMMARY

A light wave transitioning from water to air experiences changes in speed, wavelength, and amplitude, while frequency remains constant. The discussion clarifies that amplitude is not a fixed property and can vary due to electromagnetic boundary conditions. The distinction between classical wave concepts and light's dual nature as both a wave and a particle is emphasized, particularly regarding intensity as a more relevant descriptor than amplitude for light waves. The consensus is that option C, regarding amplitude, is ambiguous and should not be accepted as a correct answer.

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of wave properties, including speed, wavelength, and frequency
  • Familiarity with electromagnetic theory and boundary conditions
  • Basic knowledge of light as both a wave and a particle (wave-particle duality)
  • Concept of intensity in relation to light waves
NEXT STEPS
  • Research the relationship between wavelength and frequency in electromagnetic waves
  • Study electromagnetic boundary conditions and their effects on wave properties
  • Explore the concept of intensity in light waves and its implications
  • Examine the wave-particle duality of light and its relevance in physics
USEFUL FOR

High school physics teachers, physics students, and anyone interested in the properties of light and wave mechanics.

misterc
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I'm a high school physics teacher and this was a question posed to my Honors Physics class.

[Simplified]
A light wave travels from water to air. Which of the following variables does NOT change between the mediums?"
A. speed
B. wavelength
C. amplitude
D. frequency

I intended the answer to be frequency. But, upon further analysis, I couldn't give a good answer as to whether the amplitude changes or not. I was thinking in terms of classical waves (e.g. strings, sound, water). But, I specifically used a light wave. In perusing PF, I saw a previous thread discussing whether light as a photon has an amplitude. I'll admit the discussion got really deep, but the conclusion seemed to be that amplitude doesn't quite apply to a single photon, and for a light "wave", intensity would be a better descriptor. However, I did say amplitude.

The students know about energy/intensity vs. amplitude, but not really about light being wave and particle. They may be familiar with the concept though. My question is whether option C was ambiguous enough to warrant accepting it as an answer.
 
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Wavelength and frequency are linearly related. Amplitude only depends on interference in photons, as far as I understand it.
 
To my knowledge, C would not be a correct answer. The amplitude does change.
 
The amplitude should change as a consequence of EM boundary conditions.
 
I do not have a good working knowledge of physics yet. I tried to piece this together but after researching this, I couldn’t figure out the correct laws of physics to combine to develop a formula to answer this question. Ex. 1 - A moving object impacts a static object at a constant velocity. Ex. 2 - A moving object impacts a static object at the same velocity but is accelerating at the moment of impact. Assuming the mass of the objects is the same and the velocity at the moment of impact...

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