Find and calculate current in a circuit

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The discussion focuses on calculating currents i1 and i3 in a circuit with two EMFs and resistors. The user correctly identifies the need to apply Kirchhoff's laws and sets up a voltage equation for EMF1. They realize that to find i1, they must also consider a second equation for EMF2 and relate i3 to i1 and another current i2. After solving the equations, they successfully determine the values of i1 and i3. The conversation emphasizes the importance of using Kirchhoff's rules to solve circuit problems efficiently.
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Homework Statement


Consider the following configuration.
2yy341e.gif

Given:
EMF1=6 V
EMF2 = 3 V
R1 = 600 Ohm
R3 = 100 Ohm

1. Calculate the current i1.
2. Calculate the current i3.


Homework Equations


V=IR
Kirchoff's circuit laws:
1. Sum of current into any node is zero.
2. Sum of voltages around any loop is zero.


The Attempt at a Solution


I know that the potential at point A is 6 V because of the battery. I can't figure out how to calculate i1. I think I somehow have to use Kirchoff's rule, but I just don't know how. I tried to set up a voltage equation: EMF1 -i1R1 - i3R3 = 0. I don't know if that's right but it still has two unknowns. For i3, it seems like I have to know what i1 is to calculate it. Any help is appreciated!
 
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This voltage equation: EMF1 -i1R1 - i3R3 = 0. is correct.
Write down similar equation for EMF2. Put i3 = i1 + i2 and solve the equations to find i1 and i2.
 
How would I know which resistor i2 corresponds to?
 
EMF2 - (i1 + i2)R3 = 0.
 
Ah, that makes sense. So I set those two voltage equations equal to each other and solved for i1. Then I plugged i1 into the EMF2 voltage equation and solved for i2. I finally added i1 and i2 together to get i3. Thanks so much!
 
The book claims the answer is that all the magnitudes are the same because "the gravitational force on the penguin is the same". I'm having trouble understanding this. I thought the buoyant force was equal to the weight of the fluid displaced. Weight depends on mass which depends on density. Therefore, due to the differing densities the buoyant force will be different in each case? Is this incorrect?

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