Fluid dynamics: momentum equation and continutity

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fayan77
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Homework Statement


Diagram of a horizontal water jet leaving a tank through an orifice, labelled V, striking a vertical plate on the right; point A is marked inside the tank.


Homework Equations


because their is steady flow we only care about mass flow flux meaning
m1vout - m2vout
m = ##\rho##Av
i know that m1 = m2 + m3
since there are no dimensions I am assuming that areas are the same everywhere, density does not change therefore velocities out are half of velocity going in

The Attempt at a Solution


Forces in x must equal momentum forces in x
we have 600lb to the left and PA(Area) to the right = mvout - mvin
Therefore
25(144)(##\pi##/4)(d)2 - 600 = -mvin
I'm stuck
 
Attachments
  • Diagram of a horizontal water jet leaving a tank through an orifice, labelled V, striking a vertical plate on the right; point A is marked inside the tank.
    Screen Shot 2018-03-21 at 7.51.54 PM.png
    24.1 KB · Views: 1,464
You involve a lot of variables without defining any, so I cannot follow your working.
What does Bernoulli's equation tell you about the velocity?
 
In addition to what haruspex said, what is your horizontal macroscopic momentum balance on the stream of fluid striking the plate?
 
Bornoulli says that
P1 + ##\rho##gh + .5##\rho##(v1)2 = P2 + ##\rho##gh + .5##\rho##(v2)2

But I don't think I can apply this here because I don't know anything about a different point. Along that horizontal pressure is 25 psi but at the plate it would be greater since velocity is 0. And I can't use it out in the atmosphere where P=0 because I don't have a height.
 
fayan77 said:
Bornoulli says that
P1 + ##\rho##gh + .5##\rho##(v1)2 = P2 + ##\rho##gh + .5##\rho##(v2)2

But I don't think I can apply this here because I don't know anything about a different point. Along that horizontal pressure is 25 psi but at the plate it would be greater since velocity is 0. And I can't use it out in the atmosphere where P=0 because I don't have a height.
Did you not see my response in post #3?
 
This is my free body diagrams for force and momentum

Handwritten notes on grid paper: left, a water tank at 70 F with 25 psi gauge reading and a nozzle with a plate receiving a 600 lb force; middle, a force diagram of the plate with Fx and 600 lb; right, a momentum diagram with mdot V1 and mdot V2 and V3 arrows; below, equations for sum Fx = 3600(pi/4)d^2 - 600 and sum Mx = mdot V1.
 
Attachments
  • Handwritten notes on grid paper: left, a water tank at 70 F with 25 psi gauge reading and a nozzle with a plate receiving a 600 lb force; middle, a force diagram of the plate with Fx and 600 lb; right, a momentum diagram with mdot V1 and mdot V2 and V3 arrows; below, equations for sum Fx = 3600(pi/4)d^2 - 600 and sum Mx = mdot V1.
    IMG_20180322_111257.jpg
    23.4 KB · Views: 577
fayan77 said:
don't know anything about a different point
Consider a point before it hits the plate, e.g. where the arrow points to v.
fayan77 said:
I can't use it out in the atmosphere where P=0 because I don't have a height.
From A, it is all at the same height.
 
ok Point B will be where V is described in picture
therefore
PA + .5##\rho##(vA)2 = PB + .5##\rho##(vB)2

because PA and PB are in same height pressure is same along that horizontal line also there is no velocity at PA

25(144) + 0 = 25(144) + .5(1.95)(vB)2

What am I doing wrong?
 
fayan77 said:
ok Point B will be where V is described in picture
therefore
PA + .5##\rho##(vA)2 = PB + .5##\rho##(vB)2

because PA and PB are in same height pressure is same along that horizontal line also there is no velocity at PA

25(144) + 0 = 25(144) + .5(1.95)(vB)2

What am I doing wrong?
Since pA is 25 psig, pB should be zero (i.e., atmospheric pressure).

The macroscopic momentum balance on the jet should read $$F(-i_x)=0i_x-(\rho v_B A)v_Bi_x$$or$$F=\rho v_B^2 A$$
 
Ooooooooohhhhh I just saw the picture closely. I assumed that there was a pipe all the way to where the wall, but the opening starts right where the tank is therefore it is atmospheric pressure. Thanks, lol. By the way since I have your attention in this thread already would the acceleration of a cart be,

ac = (##\rho##Q(vjet-vcart)[(vout-vin)] / (Mvjet)

where (vjet-vcart) = vout = vin equal in magnitude but different direction therefore multiply by cos or sin

this is for a cart with opening on left side; jet goes horizontally through left opening and out through top at an angle
 
fayan77 said:
Ooooooooohhhhh I just saw the picture closely. I assumed that there was a pipe all the way to where the wall, but the opening starts right where the tank is therefore it is atmospheric pressure. Thanks, lol. By the way since I have your attention in this thread already would the acceleration of a cart be,

ac = (##\rho##Q(vjet-vcart)[(vout-vin)] / (Mvjet)

where (vjet-vcart) = vout = vin equal in magnitude but different direction therefore multiply by cos or sin

this is for a cart with opening on left side; jet goes horizontally through left opening and out through top at an angle
I don't follow this cart business at all. Is this for a different problem in a different thread?
 
no its for an extra credit problem i was assigned but I didn't want to make another thread because it was going to take ages for someone to respond, but I am leaving to class now, thanks for your help.
 
fayan77 said:
no its for an extra credit problem i was assigned but I didn't want to make another thread because it was going to take ages for someone to respond, but I am leaving to class now, thanks for your help.
I think you were a bit unlucky in the initial delay on this thread. Usually a lot faster. In fact, delays are often longer in established threads because the first responder, in a different timezone, has retured for the night and other potential responders see that the thread is being handled.
Please post a fresh thread for each problem.