Fluid passing through a convergent-divergent nozzle

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Discussion Overview

The discussion revolves around the behavior of a compressible fluid passing through a convergent-divergent nozzle, specifically focusing on the velocity of the fluid at the outlet given certain inlet conditions and pressure ratios. The conversation touches on theoretical aspects of fluid dynamics, including compressible flow, shock waves, and the implications of various parameters on flow characteristics.

Discussion Character

  • Technical explanation
  • Debate/contested
  • Mathematical reasoning

Main Points Raised

  • One participant suggests that the outlet velocity of the fluid could be around 250 m/s based on their understanding of nozzle properties.
  • Another participant questions the fluid type and the basis for the 250 m/s conclusion, asking if it was calculated or guessed.
  • A different participant states that a fluid exiting a nozzle with an area ratio of 5 would be traveling at Mach 3.17, but notes that the exit pressure is too low for smooth flow, indicating potential flow separation and shock formation.
  • One participant mentions that the flow at the throat will be five times that of the inlet and at the exit, five times that of the throat, but does not provide a clear calculation method.
  • Concerns are raised about the compatibility of the given parameters, with one participant stating that the inlet velocity is too slow for the pressure ratio and suggesting that the exit conditions are unreasonable for the nozzle design.
  • Another participant emphasizes the need for clarity regarding the application and the actual parameters being used, highlighting the importance of defining the problem fully.
  • One participant asserts that the maximum attainable velocity is determined by the total enthalpy of the reservoir and that increasing reservoir temperature is necessary to increase output velocity.
  • Several participants express the need for more information about the fluid type, temperature, and specific goals to provide a meaningful analysis.

Areas of Agreement / Disagreement

Participants express multiple competing views regarding the expected outlet velocity and the feasibility of achieving it under the given conditions. There is no consensus on the calculations or assumptions presented, and the discussion remains unresolved regarding the specific outcomes and implications of the nozzle setup.

Contextual Notes

Limitations include the undefined fluid type, temperature, and the ambiguity surrounding the parameters of the problem. The discussion highlights the complexities of compressible flow and the need for precise definitions to arrive at a solvable scenario.

Who May Find This Useful

This discussion may be of interest to those studying fluid dynamics, particularly in the context of compressible flow and nozzle design, as well as engineers and researchers working with fluid systems in various applications.

  • #31
T C said:
Especially when the velocity at the throat is choked and inlet pressure is sufficient, right?
Right.
 
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  • #32
russ_watters said:
Note that he said divergent only this time, so for this to be true you have to assume there's still/also a convergent section and a large enough reservoir feeding it. And the 5bar is the pressure at the throat, not the reservoir.

No you don't. If the throat is choked, how it got that way is effectively irrelevant to what happens downstream of the choke point. You can just have a hole in the wall of a pressure vessel and attach a divergent nozzle to it to create supersonic flow. Now, you likely will have separation and therefore a different effective area ratio than the actual physical nozzle, but the fundamental principles remain the same.
 
  • #33
boneh3ad said:
No you don't. If the throat is choked, how it got that way is effectively irrelevant to what happens downstream of the choke point.
The OP didn't say the throat flow was choked in the scenario given in post #21 (or even the original scenario).
You can just have a hole in the wall of a pressure vessel and attach a divergent nozzle to it to create supersonic flow.
I'm aware; a hole in the wall of a pressure vessel is effectively a poor efficiency converging nozzle.
 
  • #34
russ_watters said:
The OP didn't say the throat flow was choked in the scenario given in post #21 (or even the original scenario).

I'm aware; a hole in the wall of a pressure vessel is effectively a poor efficiency converging nozzle.

My point is that literally anything can be used as an inefficient converging section.

And the OP's implication was that the flow was choked since his goal was to continue accelerating the flow. The problem is that he doesn't seem to understand the physical principles involved.
 
  • #35
boneh3ad said:
My point is that literally anything can be used as an inefficient converging section.
Agreed.
And the OP's implication was that the flow was choked since his goal was to continue accelerating the flow.
Maybe, but when I pressed on what was most important to him in the original scenario, he said his specified inlet velocity, which would yield a very, very subsonic throat velocity. Given this member's history, it's entirely possible he really thinks you can get a velocity increase on both sides of the throat, even in fully subsonic flow. After all, that's what he predicted his original scenario would do.
The problem is that he doesn't seem to understand the physical principles involved.
Agreed, which is why I caution against making assumptions that make sense about what he wants in the scenario. It's entirely possible (and often reality) that he is envisioning something that doesn't make sense. I often try to let go or correct and move on from little errors in the setup of a scenario, but for this user those little issues often contain landmines.
 
  • #36
boneh3ad said:
Now, you likely will have separation and therefore a different effective area ratio than the actual physical nozzle, but the fundamental principles remain the same.
How to determine the effective area for such pressure level?
 
  • #37
T C said:
How to determine the effective area for such pressure level?

Pressure has little to do with it, and at any rate, you aren't going to find a simple way to calculate the effects of separation accurately without resorting to CFD.
 

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