Friction Loss in very small (~5 mm) tubing

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SUMMARY

This discussion focuses on modeling friction loss in a nozzle circuit using Bernoulli's equation, specifically for smooth nylon tubing with an inner diameter of 4.572 mm. The average flow rate is 0.75 mL/s, resulting in a calculated fluid velocity of 0.46 m/s. The initial Reynolds number was incorrectly calculated as 2, leading to a friction factor of 32; however, a corrected Reynolds number of approximately 457 yields a friction factor of 0.14 for water at 60°F. Accurate calculations of Reynolds number and friction factor are crucial for proper modeling of pipe loss in low-flow scenarios.

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of Bernoulli's equation
  • Knowledge of fluid dynamics concepts, particularly Reynolds number
  • Familiarity with friction factor calculations in fluid flow
  • Experience with spreadsheet modeling for engineering applications
NEXT STEPS
  • Research the impact of Reynolds number on friction factor calculations
  • Learn about the Darcy-Weisbach equation for head loss in pipes
  • Explore computational fluid dynamics (CFD) tools for more complex modeling
  • Investigate the effects of temperature on fluid properties, particularly viscosity
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Mechanical engineers, fluid dynamics researchers, and anyone involved in designing or analyzing fluid transport systems in small tubing applications.

cwrm4
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Hello - just discovered this forum, which has been a big help since I graduated ME 15 years ago, but never had an opportunity to practice "real" engineering...until now.

I am trying to develop a spreadsheet that models friction loss, using the derivation of Bernoulli's equation, over a nozzle circuit. Given the size of the tubing used, and a relatively low flow rate, I am questioning the way in which the friction factor should be calculated.

The circuit is constructed of smooth nylon tubing with an ID of .18 in (4.572 mm).

The average flow rate of a nozzle is .75 mL/s (varying of course with pressure).

Let's say I have ten nozzles at the end of a 100 m run of tubing. The velocity of the fluid in the tube would be very low, .46 m/s.

Assuming water at room temp, by my calculations the Reynolds number would be approximately 2 in this example. This Reynolds number would then give me a friction factor (64/Re) = 32.

For input to the pipe loss equation, can I correctly model the friction factor this way, with such a small Re? What if I only had 3 nozzles, and the Re was less than 1? Or should I be modeling this problem in a different fashion entirely?
 
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cwrm4 said:
Hello - just discovered this forum, which has been a big help since I graduated ME 15 years ago, but never had an opportunity to practice "real" engineering...until now.

I am trying to develop a spreadsheet that models friction loss, using the derivation of Bernoulli's equation, over a nozzle circuit. Given the size of the tubing used, and a relatively low flow rate, I am questioning the way in which the friction factor should be calculated.

The circuit is constructed of smooth nylon tubing with an ID of .18 in (4.572 mm).

The average flow rate of a nozzle is .75 mL/s (varying of course with pressure).

Let's say I have ten nozzles at the end of a 100 m run of tubing. The velocity of the fluid in the tube would be very low, .46 m/s.

Assuming water at room temp, by my calculations the Reynolds number would be approximately 2 in this example. This Reynolds number would then give me a friction factor (64/Re) = 32.

For input to the pipe loss equation, can I correctly model the friction factor this way, with such a small Re? What if I only had 3 nozzles, and the Re was less than 1? Or should I be modeling this problem in a different fashion entirely?

Your approach will work...however, your calculation appears to be incorrect. Check your numbers for velocity and Reynold's number.

With a quick hand calc I get an Re of about 457 and a friction factor of about 0.14 for water at 60 deg F.

CS
 

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