# From Angular Velocity to Angular Acceleration - How?

#### berkeman

Mentor
From Angular Velocity to Angular Acceleration -- How?

1. The problem statement, all variables and given/known data

Calculate the vector acceleration as a function of angle for a mass rotating in a circle at the end of a string. The mass is rotating in the vertical plane, in the counterclockwise direction.

$$\hat{i}$$ and $$\hat{j}$$ are the unit vectors in the x and y directions, respectively.

2. Relevant equations

$$F = m \frac{v^2}{R} = m {\omega}^2 R$$

3. The attempt at a solution

This is my first thread in Intro Physics, so please be gentle

I'm helping a friend with this problem. We need to solve it in the general case, but for now, I'm just solving it for the minimum rotation velocity case. So at the top of the circle, the centriptal acceleration of the mass matches the acceleration due to gravity.

I've been able to derive the equation for the velocity vector as a function of the angle $$\psi$$ down from the vertical, but I'm not sure how to go from the velocity vector to the acceleration vector (both being functions of angle, not of time).

The equation for the velocity as a function of angle down from the vertical that I derived using TE = PE + KE for the mass is:

$$\vec{v}(\psi) = \hat{i} [\sqrt{2gR(1-cos\psi)} + \sqrt{gR}](-cos\psi) + \hat{j} [\sqrt{2gR(1-cos\psi)} + \sqrt{gR}](-sin\psi)$$

This gives the correct answers for the velocity at the top and bottom of the circle:

Top: $$\vec{v}(0) = -\hat{i} \sqrt{gR}$$

Bottom: $$\vec{v}(\pi) = \hat{i} 3\sqrt{gR}$$

But I'm having trouble figuring out how to go from the velocity vector $$\vec{v}(\psi)$$ to an acceleration vector $$\vec{a}(\psi)$$

It would seem that I need to convert the $$\vec{v}(\psi)$$ into a $$\vec{v}(t)$$, then differentiate, and convert $$\vec{a}(t)$$ into $$\vec{a}(\psi)$$, but that seems like a lot of work. Is there a trick or approach that I can use to shortcut that procedure?

Thanks for any hints or tutorial help!

#### Delphi51

Homework Helper
Re: From Angular Velocity to Angular Acceleration -- How?

Looks too complicated for me! I did play with it - considering only the magnitude of the velocity and beginning with your E = PE + KE, which for me worked out to
v^2 = gr(1 - 2cos(A)) where I am writing A instead of the Greek letter for convenience.

Differentiating that with respect to time gives
2v*dv/dt = 2gR*sin(A)*D=dA/dt
Using v = R*dA/dt this simplifies to
dv/dt = g*sin(A), which seems to make sense. It could be expressed in vector form as
a = g*sin(A)*cos(A) in the x direction and g*sin(A)*sin(A) in the y direction.

I'm probably vastly oversimplifying things - not knowledgeable about circular motion with non-constant speed.

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