Gold Synthesis in Supernovae: What Form Does It Take and Under What Conditions?

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Discussion Overview

The discussion centers on the synthesis of gold in supernovae, specifically exploring the conditions under which gold is formed and the physical state it takes upon ejection. Participants examine the stages of supernovae relevant to gold synthesis and the nature of the ejected material, whether it is in the form of larger chunks or fine dust.

Discussion Character

  • Exploratory
  • Technical explanation
  • Debate/contested

Main Points Raised

  • Some participants inquire about the specific stage of a supernova when gold is synthesized and whether it is ejected as pebble-sized chunks or mostly dust that later coalesces.
  • Others propose that current thought attributes gold synthesis primarily to the collision of neutron stars, although the exact form it takes upon ejection remains uncertain.
  • A participant describes the process during a core-collapse supernova, detailing how the collapse leads to the formation of heavier elements, including gold, and notes that gold initially exists as a gas before cooling into dust.
  • There is mention of the temperatures required to create gold gas and how lower pressures in space could allow for the existence of single atoms or ions of gold at cosmic microwave background temperatures.

Areas of Agreement / Disagreement

Participants express varying views on the synthesis of gold, with some focusing on neutron star collisions while others discuss core-collapse supernovae. The discussion remains unresolved regarding the specific conditions and forms of gold ejected during these events.

Contextual Notes

There are limitations regarding the assumptions made about the physical states of gold and the conditions in supernovae, as well as the dependence on definitions of terms like "dust" and "gas." Unresolved mathematical steps related to the synthesis process are also noted.

tionis
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Do we know a what stage of a supernova gold is synthesized? And when the gold is ejected, are we talking about pebble size chunks of gold or mostly dust that later coalesce?
 
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Aww, ain't that romantic- the primary constituent of most wedding rings resulted from the embrace of two neutron stars! With these neutron stars, I thee wed...
 
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Fervent Freyja said:
Aww, ain't that romantic- the primary constituent of most wedding rings resulted from the embrace of two neutron stars! With these neutron stars, I thee wed...
The two decide to come together, and in the wake of this event their lives are violently destroyed, spraying everybody around with radioactive remains of their marriage, that also happen to include some money - buried in heaps of molten lead and poisonous mercury.
:wink:
 
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Bandersnatch said:
The two decide to come together, and in the wake of this event their lives are violently destroyed, spraying everybody around with radioactive remains of their marriage, that also happen to include some money - buried in heaps of molten lead and poisonous mercury.
:wink:

:DD
 
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Bandersnatch said:
The two decide to come together, and in the wake of this event their lives are violently destroyed, spraying everybody around with radioactive remains of their marriage, that also happen to include some money - buried in heaps of molten lead and poisonous mercury.
:wink:

Its Homeric...
 
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Fervent Freyja said:
Aww, ain't that romantic- the primary constituent of most wedding rings resulted from the embrace of two neutron stars! With these neutron stars, I thee wed...



:rolleyes:
 
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tionis said:
Do we know a what stage of a supernova gold is synthesized? And when the gold is ejected, are we talking about pebble size chunks of gold or mostly dust that later coalesce?
During a core-collapse supernova what remains of the stellar core collapses to either a neutron star or a black hole, depending on its mass. The subatomic particles that made up the core are crushed together forming neutrons and neutrinos. The neutrinos rush out from the center of the collapsing core and push the in-falling layers of the star back out into space. This neutrino "bounce" produces a shock wave that contains enough energy to produce the heavier elements such as silver, lead, gold, platinum, and uranium. This whole process takes less than 3 seconds. Light is emitted as a result of the expanding shock wave crashing into gas and dust on its way out of the supernova. Gold starts out as a gas, and quickly cools to form dust, which then coalesces into larger objects. If you heat gold beyond its boiling point - 2,856°C (5,173°F) - you can create gold gas.

Source:
A Chandra X-ray Survey of Ejecta in the Cassiopeia A Supernova Remnant - arXiv 1111.7316
 
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|Glitch| said:
beyond its boiling point - 2,856°C (5,173°F) - you can create gold gas.
... at one atmosphere pressure; lower pressures mean lower temperatures, and in the "vacuum" of outer space it's possible to have single atoms/ions of gold at CMB temperatures.
 
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