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Calculus and Beyond Homework Help
Why is D4 not primitive on the vertices of a square?
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[QUOTE="fishturtle1, post: 6275899, member: 606256"] [B]Homework Statement:[/B] Let ##G## be a transitive permutation group on the finite set ##A##. A block is a nonempty subset of ##B## of ##A## such that for all ##\rho \in G## either ##\rho(B) = B## or ##\rho(B) \cap B = \emptyset##. (here ##\rho(B) = \lbrace \rho(b) : b \in B \rbrace##). c) A (transitive) group ##G## acts on a set ##A## is set to be primitive if the only blocks in ##A## are the trivial ones: the sets of size ##1## and ##A## itself. Show that ##S_4## is primitive on ##A = \lbrace 1, 2, 3, 4, \rbrace##. Show that ##D_8## is not primitive as a permutation group of on the four vertices of a square. [B]Relevant Equations:[/B] . Proof: Let ##B = \lbrace a \rbrace \subseteq A## and ##\rho \in S_4##. We have two cases, ##\rho(a) = a## in which case ##\rho(B) = B##, or ##\rho(a) \neq a## in which case ##\rho(B) \cap B = \emptyset##. Its clear that ##\rho(A) = A##. So these sets are indeed blocks. Now let ##C## be any subset of ##A## such that ##2 \le \vert C \vert \le 3##. Then there is ##x, y \in C, z \not\in C## and ##\gamma \in S_4## such that ##\gamma(x) = z## and ##\gamma(y) = y##. This implies ##\gamma(C) \neq C## and ##\gamma(C) \cap C \neq \emptyset##. So ##C## is not a block. We can conclude ##S_4## is primitive on ##A##. [] For the second part we need to show ##D_8## is not primitive on the set of vertices of a square. We label the vertices ##1, 2, 3, 4##. Let ##S \subseteq A## such that ##\vert S \vert = 2## or ##3##. If ##\vert S \vert = 3## and ##\sigma_1 = (1234)##, then ##\sigma_1(S) \cap S \neq \emptyset## and ##\sigma_1(S) \neq S##. So, suppose ##\vert S \vert = 2##. Then ##S = \lbrace a, b \rbrace## and there is ##c \not\in S##. Let ##\sigma_2 = (ac)##. Then ##\sigma_2(S) = \lbrace c, b \rbrace##. It follows ##S## is not a block. Since ##D_8 \subseteq S_4##, it follows the only blocks of ##D_8## acting on ##A## are the trivial ones, and so ##D_8## is primitive on ##A##. Where did I go wrong in the second part? [/QUOTE]
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Why is D4 not primitive on the vertices of a square?
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