kindly infrom what you have tried and where you are facing problems
#3
HOI
921
2
Do you understand that "z24" is the additive group of integers modulo 24? That has 23 non-zero members so you will need to give 23 answers. Do you further understand that the "order" of a member, a, of a group is the integer "n" such that na= 0 where "na" means a added to itself n times. For example 6+ 6+ 6+ 6= 24= 0 (mod 24) so 6 has order 4. No multiple of 5 will be 24 so the order of 5 (and any number that is not a divisor of 24) is "infinity".
Are there known conditions under which a Markov Chain is also a Martingale? I know only that the only Random Walk that is a Martingale is the symmetric one, i.e., p= 1-p =1/2.
Hello !
I derived equations of stress tensor 2D transformation.
Some details: I have plane ABCD in two cases (see top on the pic) and I know tensor components for case 1 only. Only plane ABCD rotate in two cases (top of the picture) but not coordinate system. Coordinate system rotates only on the bottom of picture.
I want to obtain expression that connects tensor for case 1 and tensor for case 2.
My attempt:
Are these equations correct? Is there more easier expression for stress tensor...