Harmonic Oscillator and Total Energy

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SUMMARY

The discussion centers on the total energy (TE) of a harmonic oscillator, specifically addressing the relationship between potential energy (PE) and the energies of vibration and rotation. The potential energy is defined by Hooke's Law as PE = -(1/2)kx², where k is the spring constant and x is the displacement. The total energy is expressed as TE = Evibration + Erotation, with the potential energy term incorporated into the vibration energy. This clarification emphasizes that the term (1/2)kx² is accounted for within Evibration, resolving the confusion regarding its exclusion from the total energy equation.

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of Hooke's Law and its application in harmonic motion.
  • Familiarity with the concepts of potential energy and kinetic energy.
  • Knowledge of molecular vibrations and rotational energies in physics.
  • Basic grasp of energy conservation principles in mechanical systems.
NEXT STEPS
  • Study the derivation of potential energy in harmonic oscillators using Hooke's Law.
  • Explore the relationship between vibrational and rotational energies in molecular systems.
  • Investigate energy conservation in oscillatory motion and its implications in real-world applications.
  • Learn about the mathematical modeling of harmonic oscillators in physics simulations.
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Students and professionals in physics, particularly those focusing on mechanics and molecular dynamics, as well as educators seeking to clarify concepts related to harmonic oscillators and energy forms.

RedDanger
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Okay, so if a harmonic oscillator has a restoring force given by Hooke's Law such that

Fs = -kx

and its integral gives the potential energy associated with the restoring force:

PE = -(1/2)kx2

Then for the total energy of a harmonic oscillator, why is the TE:

TE = Evibration + Erotation

Instead of:

TE = Evibration + Erotation - (1/2)kx2
 
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hookes law applies to everyday objects like a mass on a spring,
I assume that when you speak of vibration and rotation energies you are considering a molecule?
If so, then 1/2KX^2 = E vib + E rot
 
RedDanger said:
Then for the total energy of a harmonic oscillator, why is the TE:

TE = Evibration + Erotation

Instead of:

TE = Evibration + Erotation - (1/2)kx2

Because the ##kx^2/2## term is included in ##E_\mathrm{vibration}##.
 

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