Hecke Operators and Eigenfunctions, Fourier coefficients

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SUMMARY

The discussion focuses on the action of the Hecke operator ##T_2## on the space of modular forms ##M_k(\Gamma_{0}(N))##, specifically demonstrating that the functions ##\theta^4(n) + 16F(t)## and ##F(t)## are eigenfunctions. The relationship between coefficients is established through the equations governing Hecke operators, particularly noting that for even indices, the coefficients behave differently based on whether the prime divides the level ##N##. The user expresses confusion regarding the implications of these relationships for even indices greater than 2, particularly in relation to the coefficients of the functions involved.

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of Hecke operators, specifically ##T_p## and their action on modular forms.
  • Familiarity with modular forms, particularly ##M_k(\Gamma_{0}(N))##.
  • Knowledge of Fourier series expansions in the context of modular forms.
  • Basic concepts of number theory, including divisors and coefficients.
NEXT STEPS
  • Study the properties of Hecke operators in detail, focusing on their action on modular forms.
  • Explore the implications of the coefficients ##b_n = a_{pn} + p^{k-1}a_{n/p}## for different primes ##p##.
  • Investigate the relationship between odd and even coefficients in modular forms and their significance.
  • Learn about the role of eigenfunctions in the context of modular forms and their applications in number theory.
USEFUL FOR

This discussion is beneficial for mathematicians, particularly those specializing in number theory, modular forms, and algebraic structures involving Hecke operators. It is also relevant for students and researchers seeking to deepen their understanding of eigenfunctions in the context of modular forms.

binbagsss
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Homework Statement



Consider the action of ##T_2## acting on ##M_k(\Gamma_{0}(N)) ##, and show that ##\theta^4(n)+16F ## and ##F(t)## are both eigenfunctions.

Functions are given by:
whattheheck.png


Homework Equations



For the Hecke Operators ##T_p## acting on ##M_k(\Gamma_{0}(N)) ##, the Hecke conguence subgroup of ##M_k (SL_2(Z)) ## , the coefficients are given as the same as acting on (SL_2(Z)) if ##p## does not divide the level ##N## ##b_n=a_{pn}+p^{k-1}a_{n/p} ## but ##b_n=a_{pn}## if ##p## does divide ##N##.

Where ## T_p f(t) = \sum\limits^{\infty}_{n=0}a_nq^n ## and ## f(t) = \sum\limits^{\infty}_{n=0} a_n q^n ##
For this question ##2## does divide ##4## and so we are using: ##b_n=a_{2n}##

The Attempt at a Solution


So we have ##b_0 = a_0 ##
## b_1= a_2##
##b_2=a_4##
##b_4=a_6##

solution here:
heckesol.png
heckesol.png


I agree that ## T_2 \theta^4(t)= \theta^4(t)+16F(t)## from ##b_0 ## and ##b_1## since ##b_0=a_0 ## is given by ##a_0 ## of ##\theta^4(t) ## since ##f(t)## only has odd coefficients. similarly ##b_1=a_2##= the first coeffieicnt of ##\theta^4(t)## + 16 * the first coefficient of ##F(t) ##.

However can not see how this can be true for any even ##n >2 ##. (Since ##F(t)## has only odd ##n## contributions.

Let me use the result that the ##r_4(n)## are given by ## 8 \Omega_1(n)## for ##n## odd and ##24 \sigma_1(n_0) ## for ##n_0## the odd divisors of ##n##. So I get ##r_4(4)=24(3+1)=96=a_4## and so since ## T_2 \theta^4(t)= \theta^4(t)+16F(t) => b_2 = a_4 ##. But now since ##F(t)## only has odd coefficients, this implies that ##a_2 = b_2=a_4 ## which of course it isn't.

Am i doing something really stupid?
Many thanks
 

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binbagsss said:

Homework Statement



Consider the action of ##T_2## acting on ##M_k(\Gamma_{0}(N)) ##, and show that ##\theta^4(n)+16F ## and ##F(t)## are both eigenfunctions.

Functions are given by:View attachment 224651

Homework Equations



For the Hecke Operators ##T_p## acting on ##M_k(\Gamma_{0}(N)) ##, the Hecke conguence subgroup of ##M_k (SL_2(Z)) ## , the coefficients are given as the same as acting on (SL_2(Z)) if ##p## does not divide the level ##N## ##b_n=a_{pn}+p^{k-1}a_{n/p} ## but ##b_n=a_{pn}## if ##p## does divide ##N##.

Where ## T_p f(t) = \sum\limits^{\infty}_{n=0}a_nq^n ## and ## f(t) = \sum\limits^{\infty}_{n=0} a_n q^n ##
For this question ##2## does divide ##4## and so we are using: ##b_n=a_{2n}##

The Attempt at a Solution


So we have ##b_0 = a_0 ##
## b_1= a_2##
##b_2=a_4##
##b_4=a_6##

solution here: View attachment 224652View attachment 224652

I agree that ## T_2 \theta^4(t)= \theta^4(t)+16F(t)## from ##b_0 ## and ##b_1## since ##b_0=a_0 ## is given by ##a_0 ## of ##\theta^4(t) ## since ##f(t)## only has odd coefficients. similarly ##b_1=a_2##= the first coeffieicnt of ##\theta^4(t)## + 16 * the first coefficient of ##F(t) ##.

However can not see how this can be true for any even ##n >2 ##. (Since ##F(t)## has only odd ##n## contributions.

Let me use the result that the ##r_4(n)## are given by ## 8 \Omega_1(n)## for ##n## odd and ##24 \sigma_1(n_0) ## for ##n_0## the odd divisors of ##n##. So I get ##r_4(4)=24(3+1)=96=a_4## and so since ## T_2 \theta^4(t)= \theta^4(t)+16F(t) => b_2 = a_4 ##. But now since ##F(t)## only has odd coefficients, this implies that ##a_2 = b_2=a_4 ## which of course it isn't.

Am i doing something really stupid?
Many thanks

Apolgies I have made a typo in the OP where it reads ## T_p f(t) = \sum\limits^{\infty}_{n=0}a_nq^n ## , it should read ## T_p f(t) = \sum\limits^{\infty}_{n=0}b_nq^n ## ,

I am still stuck on this so any help much appreciated, thanks
 

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