How Are These Resistors in Parallel

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The discussion revolves around confusion regarding the treatment of resistors in a circuit problem from a textbook. The user questions why the solution calculates equivalent resistance as if the resistors are in parallel when the circuit is described as a voltage divider, suggesting they should be in series. Clarification is sought on the requirement for resistors to be in parallel, specifically needing both nodes in common. A response indicates that understanding "equivalent output resistance" is key to resolving the confusion. The conversation highlights a common misunderstanding in interpreting circuit configurations and their corresponding calculations.
FAS1998
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I’ve included an image of a solution to a problem from my textbook. Part of the problem is to find the equivalent resistance of the given circuit. In the solution they seem to be treating the resistors as if they were in parallel. I don’t understand why they are doing this.

For the two resistors to be in parallel would they not need to have both nodes in common? The resistors in the series don’t appear to have this property.

[Moderator's note: Moved from a technical forum and thus no template.]
 

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FAS1998 said:
I’ve included an image of a solution to a problem from my textbook. Part of the problem is to find the equivalent resistance of the given circuit. In the solution they seem to be treating the resistors as if they were in parallel. I don’t understand why they are doing this.

For the two resistors to be in parallel would they not need to have both nodes in common? The resistors in the series don’t appear to have this property.

[Moderator's note: Moved from a technical forum and thus no template.]
It might clarify matters if you post the whole question.
 
haruspex said:
It might clarify matters if you post the whole question.
Here’s the original question. It states that the circuit is a voltage divider, which I believe implies that the resistors are in series, and then the solution uses the equation for resistors in parallel to calculate the equivalent resistance.

I’ve seen similar things elsewhere in the textbook solutions so I assume I’m doing something wrong, and it’s not just a mistake in the solution.
 

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FAS1998 said:
Here’s the original question. It states that the circuit is a voltage divider, which I believe implies that the resistors are in series, and then the solution uses the equation for resistors in parallel to calculate the equivalent resistance.

I’ve seen similar things elsewhere in the textbook solutions so I assume I’m doing something wrong, and it’s not just a mistake in the solution.
The key is the meaning of "equivalent output resistance".
See if the answer given here helps:
https://electronics.stackexchange.com/questions/265800/voltage-divider-output-resistance?rq=1
 
The book claims the answer is that all the magnitudes are the same because "the gravitational force on the penguin is the same". I'm having trouble understanding this. I thought the buoyant force was equal to the weight of the fluid displaced. Weight depends on mass which depends on density. Therefore, due to the differing densities the buoyant force will be different in each case? Is this incorrect?

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