How can the discharge rate of a capacitor be controlled?

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SUMMARY

The discussion centers on controlling the discharge rate of capacitors, particularly in the context of replacing batteries with capacitors. Key concepts include the RC time constant, where adjusting resistance influences discharge rates. The voltage behavior of capacitors is highlighted, showing a linear drop under constant current and an exponential drop under constant resistance. The use of voltage regulators, especially switching types, is suggested for applications requiring stable voltage output.

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of RC time constant in electrical circuits
  • Knowledge of capacitor discharge characteristics
  • Familiarity with voltage regulation techniques
  • Basic principles of electric motor control
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  • Research "RC time constant calculations" for precise discharge control
  • Explore "voltage regulator circuits" for stable output from capacitors
  • Investigate "ultracapacitor applications" in energy storage solutions
  • Learn about "motor speed control techniques" using variable voltage inputs
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Electrical engineers, hobbyists in electronics, and anyone interested in energy storage solutions and motor control applications will benefit from this discussion.

Hamza Abbasi
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Hi , Can we replace battery with capacitor?? I know that energy stored in a battery is far greater than in the capacitors ,but still can we some how convert a charged capacitor into a temporary battery?? So the Question is how to control the discharge rate of capacitor? Is this have something to do with RC Time constant?
 
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Changing the resictance would be an obvious way to go.
 
LittleMrsMonkey said:
Changing the resictance would be an obvious way to go.
Is there some IC or something like that for slowing the discharging rate exponentially?
 
See "ultracapacitors" for some applications where the batteries are replaced by capacitors.

From what I seen, the voltage decreases a lot more sharply during discharge than in a battery.
 
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Batteries approximate to a constant voltage source, a capacitor doesn't. For a capacitor..

Q=CV
I = CdV/dt
so
dV/dt = I/C

So the voltage "curve" depends on the load current. If you discharge at a constant current the voltage falls in a straight line. If it's a constant resistance load you get the classic exponential curve.

If the load must get a constant voltage (not all need that) then some sort of voltage regulator, perhaps a switching type, can be used to provide it.

You don't always need a voltage regulator. The motor in an electric car for example doesn't necessarily need a constant voltage but it does need some form of speed control. It may well be possible to build one control unit that accepts the variable voltage from a capacitor and outputs whatever the motor requires.
 
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